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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ribose
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five carbon sugar in RNA-hydroxyl group makes it reactive
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deoxyribose
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five carbon sugar in DNA lacks a hydroxyl group on 2' carbon
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nitrogenous base
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nitrogen-containing base that is one of the three parts of a nucleotide
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purine
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type of nigrougenous base in DNA and RNA
(double ring) ADENINE AND GUANINE |
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pyrimidine
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type of nitrgenous base in DNA and RNA
(single ring) cutosine, thymine, and uracil |
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nucleoside
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ribose or deoxyribose bonded to a base (sugar phosphate backbone WITH the base)
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transposable element
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DNA sequence capable of moving from one site to another within the genome through a mechanism that differs from that of homologous recombo
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positive/negative supercoiling
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negative makes it looser, positive coils it tighter
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nucleoid
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bacterial DNA confined to a definite region of the cytoplasm
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highly repetitive DNA
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present and repeated in tandem clustered in certain regions of the chromosome, such as centromeres and telomeres
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SINEs and LINEs
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most interspersed repeats are transposable elements
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chomatosome
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core particle (nucleosome) and H1 histone protein
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polytene chromosome
v. chromosomal puff |
polytene: giant chromosomes found in certain tissues that exhibit changes in chromatin structure with replication. bands exhibited by actively transcribed genes are chromosomal puffs
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centromeric sequence
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are the binding sites for the kinetochore
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telomeric seuquence
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sequence found at the ends of a chromosome; consists of many copies of short, simple sequences repeated one after the other
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unique sequence DNA
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present only once or a few times in a genome
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short flanking direct repeats
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found in transposable elements; not part of the element and does not travel with it, but presence indicates that staggered cuts are made in the target DNA when a transposable element inserts itself, leaving shoft single stranded pieces that repair and cause these repeats
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terminal inverted repeats
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inverted complements to each other(crisscross they are inverted)
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moderately repetitive dna
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some perform functions for the cell such as ribosomal RNAs, tRNAS, but some has no purpose
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retrotransposons
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type of transposable element in eu cells that possesses some charact. of retroviruses and transposes through an RNA intermediate
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replicative v. nonreplicative
transposition |
copy and paste mechanism of transposition
nonreplicative; cut and paste mechanism of transposition |
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insertion sequences
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simple type of transposable element found in bacteria and their plasmids that contains only the information necessary for its own movement
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composite transposons
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found in bacteria that consists of two insertion sequences flanking a segment of DNA
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noncomposite transposons
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in bacteria, LACK INSERTION SEQUENCES
a few bacteriophage genomes reproduce by transposition |
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Ac and Ds elements in maize
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transposable elements in maize. noticed chromosome breakage in maize often occurred at gene called Ds (dissociation), but only if Ac (activator) was also present. would sometimes transpose together
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Ty elements in yeast
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retrotransposons found in yeast- delta sequences--334 bp. analogous to long terminal repeats found in retroviruses contain promoters
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