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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autosomal gene expression |
An autosomal gene where the phenotype is depended on sex |
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Sex limited characteristics |
Characteristics determined by autosomal gene but expressed in only 1 sex |
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What is an example of sex limited characteristics |
Male limited precocious puberty |
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What is cytoplasm gene expression and inheritance |
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have dna that will segregate RANDOMLY with the organelle |
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What us the result of cytoplasm gene expression |
The progeny cells differ in number of mitochondria with wt and mut genes (diff genes in diff cells) |
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Why are reciprocal crosses w genes in cytoplasm difficult to predict |
Because they segregate RANDOMLY |
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What is the maternal effect |
The genotype of the mother determines offspring phenotype |
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What is genomic imprinting |
Difference in gene expression of autosomal genes affected by their paternal origin |
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What is igf2 in parents to child an example of? |
Genomic imprinting |
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If maternal igf2 is mutants and paternal is still what is the result |
Baby w normal weight |
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If paternal igf2 in paternal is mut and maternal is wt what is the result |
Baby w low birth weight |
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The Himalayan allele on rabbits is an example of |
Environmental effects |
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What Temps affect the rabbits phenotype |
If below 25 C, extremities are black. If above 30 C, not black |
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Fruit fly wing length is an example of |
An environmental effect for vestigial wings (cold) |
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) |
Defect in gene that leads to defective enzyme that can break down phenylalanine, cause mental retardation |
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Phenyketonuria is an example of a |
Environmental effect |
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Phenocopy |
Environment produces phenotype that is same as phenotype produced by diff genotype |
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Example of phenocopy |
Fruit flies have mut w no eyes, but also when exposed to chems. Same phenotype, diff genotypes. One cause by environment, one genotype, same phenotype |
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Continously traits |
Continously distribution of phenotype |
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Example if continous trait |
Human height |
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Polygenic characteristic |
Multiple genes that determine a characteristic |
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What is the equation used for polymeric characteristics |
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Multifactorial characteristic |
Characteristic is determined by multiple factors, like genes and environment |
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Pleitropy |
1 gene determines multiple characteristics |
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Principle of independent assortment |
2 genes act independently in meiosis. Each pair of homology chromosomes assort independently from one another |
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Genes that are close together on same chromo do not... |
Independently assort |
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Linked genes are ____________ by crossover |
Recombined |
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Recomb frequency equation |
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Steps to predict outcome of crosses w linked genes |
1. Determine all possible gametes 2. Calc proportion of gametes w recombinant freq. 3. Multiply each by proportion from other parent |
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If p is less than 0.05. Then |
They are linked and not independent assorted |
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Genetic map |
Cal recombinant freq expresses as mu |
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To construct a genetic map, you must use a |
2 pt Test cross, which has 2 genes with max recombinant freq of 50 |
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Equation for probability of double crossover |
Decimal value of xmu×ymu×total number of progeny |
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Coefficient of coincidence |
Observed double cross over/expected |
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Interference equation |
1-coc |
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Negative interference |
Positive value, 1st crossover has neg influence on second |
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Positive interference |
More double crossover observed than expected |
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Dletion mapping |
Find area on cheomo where gene is located by mating mutant homo w an organism w a deleted region of a chromosome |
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If gene of interest is in deletion region what is the ratio |
1/2 wt 1/2 mut |
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If deletion is in diff region what is the ratio |
100% wt |
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Somatic cell hybridization |
2 cell types, must be able to continously divide in culture. Look for +. |
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In situ hybridization |
Make a seq of dna complementary to gene and had fluorescent label, which is a nucleic acid probe |
