Gender Psych 2

Front 1

sex

Back 1

biological, physiological traits distinguishing males from females; biological influence

Front 2

gender

Back 2

psychological, social traits distinguishing males from females; social influence

Front 3

gender identity

Back 3

an individual's experience of him/herself as masculine or feminine

Front 4

sexual orientation

Back 4

sexual preferences of a person for an intimate partner

Front 5

gender roles

Back 5

social functions that society sees as suitable for a masculine vs. feminine individual

Front 6

discrepancy strain

Back 6

results when one fails to live up to one's internalized ideal of manhood; can produce gender role conflict; associated with reduced relationship intimacy and satisfaction

Front 7

dysfunction strain

Back 7

results even when one fulfills the requirements of the male code; commitment to work at expense of marriage/family; reduced romantic relationship satisfaction

Front 8

trauma strain

Back 8

strain resulting from the process of being socialized as male; applies to certain groups of men whose experiences with gender role strain are thought to be particularly harsh; ex. athletes, war veteran, survivors of child abuse, gay and bisexual men

Front 9

pro-feminist men's movement

Back 9

desire to eliminate all gender stereotypes, gender inequalities, and gender-related violence; attempt to make men aware of sexism directed toward themselves and women and to reduce it

Front 10

mythopoetic men's movement

Back 10

argue that modern men must develop a new vision of masculinity and achieve spiritual healing; high SES members

Front 11

religious men's movement

Back 11

men should take back traditional roles such as head of the household; backlash against egalitarianism

Front 12

men's rights men's movement

Back 12

men - not women - are the real victims of sexism, socially and legally; major goal is to fight against feminism

Front 13

self-disclosure

Back 13

act of revealing personal information to others; one of the defining characteristics of intimacy

Front 14

idioms

Back 14

when a couple has developed their codewords, inside jokes, etc.

Front 15

social penetration theory

Back 15

if small talk about superficial topics is rewarding, you increase in breadth and depth of topics

Front 16

de-penetration

Back 16

you stop sharing information and have more superficial conversations; when relationship is failing

Front 17

empathetic accuracy

Back 17

the ability to correctly infer another person's thoughts and emotions; what matters is accuracy, not amount of empathy

Front 18

kernel of truth theory

Back 18

exaggerated, but real, differences; we have a set of beliefs because there are actual differences between men and women; stereotypes exaggerate these differences

Front 19

adaptive categorization theory

Back 19

survival of the fittest; good to make fast decisions because we have limited cognitive resources; stereotypes are the brain's shortcuts so you can process through life a lot quicker; so we typically group people based on obvious characteristics

Front 20

ingroup vs. outgroup theory

Back 20

when physical resources are limited, we support peopel in our ingroups; we prefer to be around our ingroups; our ingroup has people who are similar to us, have similar characteristics, and we have a positive bias

Front 21

social identity theory

Back 21

everyone wants to feel good about themselves so to achieve this, we think our groups are better than others; put down the outgroups as much as possible

Front 22

social role theory

Back 22

there is a division of labor/home duties between men and women; we expect men/women to behave according to these roles

Front 23

subtyping

Back 23

we recognize smaller "types" of men and women that have their own set of traits; make small groups but still keep the rule

Front 24

agency (agentic)

Back 24

focus on self promotion and achievement; independent, assertive, dominant, competitive

Front 25

community (communal)

Back 25

focus on others and community; nice, compassionate, kind, nurturing

Front 26

androgynous

Back 26

high femininity and masculinity

Front 27

undifferentiated

Back 27

low femininity and masculinity

Front 28

feminine

Back 28

high femininity and low masculinity

Front 29

masculine

Back 29

high masculinity and low femininity

Front 30

Bem's theory

Back 30

Bem argues that androgyny allows for the best of both worlds; allows for flexibility when needed, depending on situation; eliminates traditional stereotypes and limiting roles for men and women

Front 31

old fashioned sexism

Back 31

openly see sexes as very different from each other; not seen so much today; endorse traditional gender roles, different treatment of men/women, believe women are less competent in academic/business settings

Front 32

modern sexism

Back 32

denial of discrimination against women; antagonism toward women's political/social demands; resentment of "special favors" like affirmative action

Front 33

neosexism

Back 33

individual feels conflict between egalitarian values and negative feelings about women; believe society is better off with men in charge; maintaining status quo is best for everyone

Front 34

ambivalent sexism

Back 34

different types of women are evaluated differently; women and men should occupy certain roles because that is the way the universe is set up and should be

Front 35

hostile sexism

Back 35

based on patriarchy and gender differentiation that exaggerate the differences between men and women and justifying the superiority of the dominant group

Front 36

benevolent sexism

Back 36

based on men's dependence on women for intimacy, sexual reproduction, and gender differentiated social roles; reflects positive feelings towards women

Front 37

narrative review method of studying

Back 37

read many articles, summarize them; problems: can't quantify findings, author might be biased

Front 38

box-score approach to research

Back 38

examine many articles, tally results; more objective, fairly precise

Front 39

meta-analysis method

Back 39

most popular; statistically combines results across all the studies included; can help identify moderators; directly gets at reliability, objective, tells if there is a difference and how large

Front 40

stereotype threat

Back 40

apprehension experienced by members of a stigmatized group that their behavior may confirm a stereotype; apprehension leads to anxiety and distraction which causes reduced performance on task

Front 41

gender typing

Back 41

acquisition of preferences, skills, personality traits, behaviors, and self-concepts that each culture considers gender appropriate

Front 42

attraction

Back 42

we are attracted to those whose presence is rewarding to us; we like being around people who make us feel good

Front 43

marketplace theory

Back 43

women more likely to value status in a mate, men more likely to value attractiveness; attractive women are more likely to marry financially/professionally successful men

Front 44

misattribution of arousal

Back 44

individuals can overlook the other influences that exist and misattribute the source of their arousal to the presence of another person; cognitive mistake, incorrectly identifying the source of arousal

Front 45

comparison level (CL)

Back 45

varies among individuals; perception of rewards/costs you deserve in a relationship; a ratio of how well vs. how poorly you expect to be treated

Front 46

reward

Back 46

anything positive/pleasurable about a relationship

Front 47

cost

Back 47

anything negative/undesirable about relationships

Front 48

conflict

Back 48

when one person's wishes or actions obstruct/impede those of someone else

Front 49

dialectics

Back 49

opposing forces within person that cause tensions

Front 50

fatal attractions

Back 50

idea that sometimes people are attracted to people that are different than they are; the thing that initially attracts will be the relationship undoing

Front 51

mate poaching

Back 51

behavior intended to attract someone who is already in a romantic relationship

Front 52

poachers

Back 52

people who steal significant others; self describe as mean, unreliable, adulterous, and erotophilic

Front 53

poached

Back 53

people who are stolen; high on extraversion and openness; people that have had people attempt to steal them self described as sexy, adulterous, loving; people who went along with poaching self described as mean, unreliable, neurotic, adulterous, masucline, erotophilic, and unloving

Front 54

self-enhancement

Back 54

showing how much better you are than the current partner; suggesting that you have a higher CLalt

Front 55

loyalty

Back 55

positive and passive; optimistically waiting for improvement

Front 56

voice

Back 56

positive and active; trying to improve conditions

Front 57

exit

Back 57

negative and active; harming or terminating the relationship

Front 58

neglect

Back 58

negative and passive; allowing conditions to deteriorate

Front 59

accommodative behavior

Back 59

responding constructively rather than destructively to a partner's negative behaviors; overriding impulse to strike back

Front 60

romantic ideologies

Back 60

prescriptive cultural scripts that dictate how love should unfold and be enacted; scripts are highly gendered; linchpin for benevolent sexism

Front 61

sexual gatekeepers

Back 61

women are the ones who decide when and where sex will happen

Front 62

sexual economics

Back 62

sex is a female resource that is exchanged for other goods (love, commitment, affection); power that declines with age and varies as a function of the market value

Front 63

sexual double standard for women

Back 63

women are expected to be sexy but don't have the same permission to be sexual; women with multiple partners tend to be vilified (sluts) whereas men are lauded (studs)