Gardner's Art Through The Ages Chapter 1 & 2

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Back 1

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf)
Origin: Willendorf, Austria
Date: ca. 28,000-25,000 BCE
Culture/period: paleolithic
Medium: Limestone
Description: focuses solely on the representation of women, and women who are able to bear a child is ensured survival of the species.

Front 2

Back 2

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Woman holding a bison horn
Origin: Laussel, France
Date: ca. 25,000-20,000 BCE
Culture/period: Paleolithic
Medium: Painted Limestone
Description: one of the earliest relief sculptures known. Right hand holds a bison horn, while the left is on the stomache and towards the pubic area.

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Back 3

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Two bison
*Origin: Le Tuc d'Audoubert, France
Date: ca. 15,000-10,000 BCE
Culture/period: paleolithic
Medium: clay
Description: among the largest Paleolithic sculptures known. The clay was brought from elsewhere in the cave.

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Back 4

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Spotted horses and negative handprints
*Origin: Pech-Merle, France
Date: ca. 22,000 BCE
Culture/period: paleolithic
Medium: cave painting
Description: One of the rock formation in the wall surface resembles a horses head and neck. The hand prints are "negative" meaning that a hand was placed on the cave wall and then brushed or blew or spat pigment around it.

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Back 5

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Hall of the Bulls
*Origin: Lascaux, France
Date: ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE
Culture/period: paleolithic
Medium: cave painting
Description: Many of the bulls are colored silhouettes, but others were created by outline alone. The differences in style suggest that the animals were painted at different times.

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Back 6

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Stonehenge
*Origin: Salisbury Plain, England
Date: ca. 2550-1600 BCE
Culture/period: Neolithic
Medium: stone
Description: astronomical observatory and solar calendar. Stones were put into place by a pulling system. It lines up with the sun and moon.

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Paleolithic

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30,000-9,000 BCE
The "old" Stone Age, during which humankind produced the first sculptures and paintings. Tools makindg and imagery.

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Neolithic

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The "new" Stone Age. Domestication of animals and crops.

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profile view

Back 9

Seeing only one side.

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frontal view

Back 10

Seeing only the front.

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composite view/twisted perspective

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A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part of the same figure is shown frontally.

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sculpture in the round

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A sculpture that is sculpted on all sides, intended to be seen from all angles.

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relief sculpture

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In sculpture, figures projecting from a background of which they are part. The degree of relief is designated high, low (bas), or sunken. In the last, the artist cuts the design into the surface so that the highest projecting parts of the image are no higher than the surface itself.

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corbel vaulting

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A vault formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the two walls meet in an arch.

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apse

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A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church.

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post-and-lintel

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A system of construction in which two posts support a lintel.

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Back 17

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: White Temple and ziggurat
*Origin: Uruk, Iraq
Date: ca. 3200-3000 BCE
Culture/period: Sumerians
Medium: mud bricks
Descriptions: a temple form made up of sun baked clay. There is a 40 feet platform and then the next platform is the temple itself. The priest / king goes at the top of the temple.

Front 18

Back 18

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Female head (Inanna?)
Origin: Uruk, Iraq
Date: ca. 3200-3000 BCE
Culture/period: Sumerians
Medium: marble
Descriptions: only a face with a flat back. The rest of the body could have been made of wood. The head probably had gold leaf as hair and colored shell or stone for the brow and eyes. The body was probably clothed in expensive fabrics and jewels.

Front 19

Back 19

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Presentation of offerings to Inanna (Warka vase)
Origin: Uruk, Iraq
Date: ca. 3200-3000 BCE
Culture/period: Sumerians
Medium: alabaster
Description: oldest known example of Sumerian narrative art. The artist divided the stone vases into registers. The image of the goddess in the highest spot means she is the most important and powerful.

Front 20

Back 20

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Statuettes from the Square Temple at Eshnunna
Origin: Tell Asmar, Iraq
Date: ca. 2700 BCE
Culture/period: Sumerian
Medium: gypsum and inlaid with shell and black limestone
Description: They have huge eyes because they are scared for the gods are approaching. They also are shown with clasped hands and simplified clothing.

Front 21

Back 21

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Standard of Ur
Origin: Royal Cemetery at Ur, Tell Muqayyar, Iraq
Date: ca. 2600 BCE
Culture/period: Sumerian
Medium: wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone
Description: beakers could be a sign of offerings being made. First historic culture with the wheel.

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Back 22

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Stele with law code of Hammurabi
*Origin: Susa, Iran
Date: ca. 1780 BCE
Culture/period: neolithic
Medium: basalt
Description: first written account of codes or laws. Hammurabi is in the presence of the sun god. Covering of the mouth and the removal of the shoes is a sign of respect for the god.

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Back 23

Banquet Scene from the tomb of Pu-Abi, Royal Cemetary, Ur ca. 2600-2400

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Back 24

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Bull-headed lyre
Origin: Pu-Abi's tomb, Royal Cemetery at Ur Iraq
Date: ca. 2600 BCE
Culture/period:Sumerian
Medium: gold leaf and lapis lazuli
Description:

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Back 25

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Head of an Akkadian ruler
Origin: Kuyunjik, Iraq
Date: ca. 2250-2200 BCE
Culture/period:
Medium: copper
Description: the facial and hair are very detailed. The head was defaced by other people and because of its age.

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Back 26

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Victory stele of Naram-Sin
Origin: Susa, Iran
Date: ca. 2254-2218 BCE
Culture/period:
Medium: Akkadian
Description: conquered the sumerians and took over their land.first narrative, the luimbi people were defeated by naram sin and his men. The stars above are gods in native form.

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Back 27

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Ziggurat of Ur
*Origin: Tell Muqayyar, Iraq
Date: ca. 2100 BCE
Culture: period: neo-Sumerian
Medium: mud brick (baked bricks)
Description: restored by Sudan Husain

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Back 28

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Seated statue of Gudea holding temple plan
Origin: Telloh, Iraq
Date: ca. 2100 BCE
Culture/period: neo-Sumerian
Medium: diorite, very costly, hard, and difficult
Description: in his lap is a plan of the new temple he erected to Ningirsu.

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Back 29

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Ashurbanipal hunting lions
Origin: the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Kuyunjik, Iraq
Date: ca. 645-640 BCE
Culture/period: Assyrian
Medium: gypsum

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Back 30

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Ishtar Gate
Origin: Babylon, Iraq
Date: ca. 575 BCE
Culture/period: neo- Babylonia
Medium: glazed brick
Description: each brick was molded and glazed separately, then set in proper sequence on the wall.

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Back 31

Artist: Unknown
Title of Work: Persepolis
*Origin: Iran
Date: ca. 521-465 BCE
Culture/period: Persia
Medium: limestone
Description: images of animal kill one another and foreigners around the world.

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city-state

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An independent, self-governing city.

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stele

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A carved stone slab used to mark graves or to commemorate historical events.

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ziggurat

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In ancient Mesopotamian architecture, a monumental platform for a temple.

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registers/friezes

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One of a series of superimposed bands of friezes in a pictorial narrative, or the particular levels on which motifs are placed/any sculptured or painted band in a building.

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hierarchy of scale

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An artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance.

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apadana

Back 37

The great audience hall in ancient Persian palaces.