Fundamental Concepts Of Animal Nutrition

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Santario Santorio

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This man weighed himself before and after eating his food to determine the difference of food intake.

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Antoine Lavoisier

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A French chemist who founded the science of nutrition and considered as the “Father of Nutrition” establishing the chemical basis of nutrition as metabolism.

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Gerardus Johannes Mulder

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He coined the name Proteins.

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William Prout

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An English chemist who discovered that the gastric juices of animals has hydrochloric acid and the first man to extract pure urea from urine, he classified the food components.

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Claude Bernard

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This man studied the function of pancreatic juices as a substance which broke down starch, fat and protein.

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Chosset

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In 19th century, he observed that pigeons on low calcium diet had poor bone development.

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Takaki Kanehiro

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The man who observed that Beri-beri disease can be prevented by dietary supplementation.

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1910-1950

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The period where all the vitamins were discovered.

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Stephen M. Babcock

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He conducted the first feeding experiment with single plants mainly corn or wheat and lead to the discovery of vitamins (the purified diet method)

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Emil von Wolf

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Proposed the scientific feeding for swine and livestock feeding process.

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Nutrition

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This involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes which transform foods into body tissues and activities; the act or process of nourishing or being nourished.

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Animal Nutrition

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It is the science of determining how animal use food in the body and all body processes that transform food into body tissues and energy for growth, health and performance. The sum of the processes by which an animal takes in and utilizes food substances.

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1. Ingestion

2. Digestion

3. Absorption

4. Assimilation

5. Egestion

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What are the steps of nutritional process?

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Ingestion

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The process of taking in food.

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Digestion

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This is when larger food particles are broken down into smaller, water-soluble particles.

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Absorption

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Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall.

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Assimilation

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When absorbed nutrients are distributed to the different parts of the body to be used for energy, growth and repair of cells.

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Egestion

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The undigested food/waste is removed out of the body thru the form of feces.

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Prehension

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It is the act of grabbing or gasping food.

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Mastication

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The process of chewing or crashing food by the teeth.

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Deglutition

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It is the process of swallowing.

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Fermentation

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What is the process of converting ingested feed into energy with the help of microorganisms.

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Nutrient

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Defined as any food constituent or group of food constituents of the same general composition, a compound or substance.

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Food

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Any edible material containing nutrients.

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Feed

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Materials that animals eat and are given to them.

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Feedstuff

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Any material used for feeds.

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Ingredient

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A component that comprises the feed.

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Ration

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Daily allowance or amount of feed provided to an animal.

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Balanced ration

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Ration that provides the proper amount, proportion and variety that is required.

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Complete ration

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A single feed mixture with everything in it except water.

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Diet

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The type of food an animal eats.

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Carnivores

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Organisms whose diets consists mainly of non-plant materials

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Obligate carnivores

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Type of carnivores that rely entirely on animal flesh and cannot properly digest vegetation, prominent in Feline family.

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Facultative carnivores

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Animals that can do best in carnivorous diet but can survive-but-not-thrive on vegetation, prominent in Canids family.

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Frugivores

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Fruit-eating herbivore.

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Granivores

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Seed-eating herbivores.

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Nectarivores

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Nectar-feeding herbivores.

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Folivores

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Leaf-eating herbivores.

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Xylophages

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Wood-eating herbivores like termites.

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Detritivores

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Herbivores that eat mainly dead plant materials example of which is earthworm.

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Essential nutrients

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Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body therefore needed to be provided.

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Non-essential nutrients

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Nutrients that can be synthesized by the body so no need to be obtained from food.

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1. Animal Health and Welfare

2. Dependence on humans

3. Profitability

4. Consumer’s perception

5. Environmental protection

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What are the 5 importance of Animal Nutrition?

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Methane and Nitrogen Oxide

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Gases emitted by animals that contributes to climate change.

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Phosphorus

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Responsible in water enrichment causing excessive growth of algae.