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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The six city states of Mesopotamia are |
Chaldeans, Hittites, Amorites, Persians, Sumerians, and Assyrians |
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What was the first written set of laws? |
Code of Hammurabi (Babylonians) |
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Ancient civilization of the _____ invented the wheel |
Sumerians
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In Mesopotamia, the ancient Assyrians were |
warlike and aggressive because of their highly organized military |
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Hinduism began in |
India |
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Ancient civilization of Rome lasted ______ |
1000 years |
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Pax Romana was |
A long period of peace in Rome |
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One of the best known North American tribes was the _____ |
Pueblo, who lived in Southwest America |
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Which early civilization lived the Northwest America? What were they known for? |
The Iroquois were known for their organized government |
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Three major empires of South and Central America |
The Aztec, the Inca, and the Maya |
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Aztecs |
-Dominated Mexico and Central America. - Had access to metals and jewels, used metal to make weapons and jewels for trade - Gained riches by conquering neighboring tribes and demanding tribute |
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Inca |
-Stretched down the western coast of South America - Centralized State (Income goes to state coffers, trade goes through the emperor - Worshiped the dead, their ancestors, and nature |
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Maya |
-Most advanced Native American civilization -Only NA civ to develop writing -Build huge pyramids and other sculptures in honor of the gods they worshiped. - Most famous for calendars and math |
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Scientific Revolution |
A shift in focus from belief to evidence |
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Industrial Revolution |
1750-1830 Began in England Improvements in mining, invention of steam engine, numerous improvements in transportation. |
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Direct results of the Industrial Revolution |
Enormous increase in productivity, huge increases in world trade, specialization and division of labor |
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Guptas |
Ruled India for a long period of time after the Mauryas Great believers in science and math |
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The most famous Muslim leader of India was ______ who founded _____ |
Tamerlane; the Mogul dynasty |
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Genghis Khan was the leader of the |
Mongols |
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Who began the scientific revolution? |
Nicolaus Copernicus |
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What did Copernicus argue? |
That the Sun was the center of our solar system and that the other planets revolved around the Sun |
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Tycho Brahe |
Danish astronomer who was the first to catalog observations of the night sky |
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Galilei is most known for his |
defense of the heliocentric idea. |
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Galilei's ideas were picked up by _____ |
Isaac Newton |
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Isaac Newton is known for |
being the discoverer of gravity and a pioneering voice in the study of optics, calculus, and physics |
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Enlightenment |
Period of intense self-study that focused on ethics and logic. |
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Rene Descartes |
French scientist-philosopher Said "I think, therefore I am" |
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David Hume |
Famous Englander during the Enlightenment who pioneered the doctrine of empiricism (believing things only when you've seen the proof for yourself) |
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Immanuel Kant |
Most famous Enlightenment philosopher |
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Social contract of the Enlightenment |
The belief that people had an agreement with the govt and would submit to it as long as it protected them and didn't encroach on their basic rights (Rousseau) |
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New England Colonies. Economic activities? |
-Mass., Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
-Manufacturing, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade |
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Middle Atlantic Colonies |
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland -Melting pots with settlers from different nations -Farming was the main activity, and seaports were constantly filled with outgoing food |
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Southern Colonies |
-Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia - Virginia was the first permanent English colony, Georgia was the last |
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Seven Years' War |
1754-1763 Conflict that decided which nation was most powerful (Britain, France, and Spain) |
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Navigation Acts of 1651 |
Put restrictions on shipping and trade within the British Empire by requiring that only British ships be involved |
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Triangular Trade |
-Began from New England and Mid-Atlantic colonies loaded with rum toward Africa -Traded for either gold or slaves in Africa -In the West Indies, slaves were traded for molasses, sugar, or money. |
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Manifest Destiny |
the belief in the divinely given right of the U.S. to expand westward |
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What were the purchases/treaties that gave the U.S. all the land it has today |
-(1783) All land east of the Mississippi from Britain in the Revolutionary War -(1787) Northwest Ordinance -(1803) Louisiana Purchase - Bought from France for $15 Million USD -(1818) Red River Basin - treaty with Great Britain -(1819) Florida from Spain |
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Washington was president from |
1789-1797 |
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The order of the first 5 presidents is |
George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe |
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Ponce de Leon came to America in ____ in search of _____ |
1513; fountain of youth |
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The six essential elements of geography |
The world in spatial terms, places and regions, physical systems, human systems, environment and society, and uses of geography |
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The stretching of Earth's features to help it fit on a map is called _____ |
distortion |
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The process of putting Earth's features on a flat surface is called |
projection |
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The three main types of map projections are |
Cylindrical projections, Conical projections, flat-plane projections |
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Maps of the US are often made from _____ projections |
conical |
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Great-Circle |
Any circle that cuts a sphere, such as a globe, in two equal parts |
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Longitude and latitude are used in the _______ |
Geographic grid system |
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The four main properties of maps are |
The size of the areas shown, the shapes of the areas, consistent scales, and straight line directions |
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_____ maps are as close as possible to true shapes |
Conformal |
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Demography |
Branch of the science of statistics most concerned with the social well-being of people |
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In demographics, general rates are called _____ and the subdivided results are called _____ |
crude rates; refined rates |
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Physical Geography |
The locations of such features as climate, water, and land; how these relate to and affect each other and human activities |
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Cultural Geography |
Studies the location, characteristics, and influence of the physical environment on different cultures |
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Population |
group of people living within a certain geographic area |
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Deserts receive ____ or less inches of rainfall a year |
10 |
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Who wrote most of the Bill of Rights? |
James Madison |
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The ______ was the founding document of the United States |
Declaration of Independence |
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The Articles on Confederation was adopted in _____ but the problem was ______ |
1777; there were serious defects in the system of government |
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No amendment can become valid until it is ________ |
ratified by 3/4ths of all the states |
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Legislative branch is made up of the _____ and is divided into _________ and _____ |
Congress; House of Representatives; Senate |
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The legislative branch is responsible for |
Making laws, raising and printing money, regulating trade, declaring war, and supporting the armed forces |
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The Judicial Branch is headed by the ____ |
Supreme Court |
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Large states had larger numbers represented in the ________ but only two senators each in the _____ |
House of Representatives; Electoral College |
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The Magna Carta was granted in ____ and is considered to be the first modern document that _________ |
1215; sought to limit the powers of the state authority |
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Petition of Right |
Petition addressed to King Charles I by the British Parliament in 1628 that demanded he stop imposing new taxes without its consent |
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Judiciary Act |
Passed in 1789, organized the Supreme Court of the United States |
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Judges to the Supreme Court are appointed by |
the president, with approval of the Senate |
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The secretary of state presides over the _______, is appointed by _______, is confirmed by ______, and acts as the _______ |
Executive Branch, President, Congress, voice of the country |
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National Security Council |
Part of the Executive Branch; advises the president on matters of foreign policy |
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Ambassadors |
Part of Executive Branch that lives in other countries to lobby for their government's interests |
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The _____ is responsible for approving treaties |
Senate |
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Input Market
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Market in which factors of production, or resources, are sold. Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. |
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Output Market |
Markets in which goods and services are sold |
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Opportunity Cost |
The value of the sacrificed alternative |
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Christopher Columbus
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Made 4 voyages and discovered the Bahamas, Hispaniola, Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Central America and South America.
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French and Indian War
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An extension of the European Seven Years War. A battle over colonial territory and wealth by the French and the English. England gained massive amounts of land but weakened it's relationship with the Native Americans. This lead to the Revolutionary War. (1754-1763)
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The American Revolutionary War
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The 13 original colonies wanted to form self-governing independent states. These states fought the British. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which recognized the sovereignty of the United States. 1775 - 1783.
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Declaration of Independence
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1776. Written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the second continental congress. Begins with the preamble or reason for the document and then establishes the reasons why the original colonies sought freedom from British rule. New nation would be called USA.
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The Industrial Revolution
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1830's. Transition of manual labor to the use of machines. Machines for textiles, iron and steam.
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The Civil War
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1861 - 1865. Conflict between the North (the union) and the south (the confederacy). 11 southern slave states wanted to secede from the union. This war ended slavery (1862 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation) restored the union and strengthened the role of the federal government.
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Westward Expansion
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1807 - 1912. After the War of 1812 Americans wanted to explore the West. Territory had be expanded by the Louisiana Purchase. Famous explorers like Louis and Clark moved westward and drove native americans from their homes and forced them to concentrated areas called reservations. (Under President Andrew Jackson). USA was now 48 states.
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World War 1.
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1914 - 1918. Initiated by a conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. It became a global conflict between the Entente (Allied) Powers (Russian Empire, UK, France, Canada, Australia, Italy, Empire of Japan, Portugal, & USA) and the Central Powers (German Empire, the Austrian Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Bulgaria. Allied Powers were victorious but led to WW2.
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World War 2.
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1939 - 1945. Global Military conflict between 2 opposing forces. The Allies - Great Britain (Churchill), United States (Roosevelt/Truman), Russia (Stalin), Free France (De Gaulle), and China (Chiang Kai-shek) & the Axis Powers - Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini), and Japan (Hirohito). Attack on Pearl Harbor led to US involvement. In 1945 Allies defeated the Axis. This led to the Cold War lasting for 45 years.
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Korean War
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1950 - 1953. War began due to a division in Korea between the communist north and american occupied south caused by WW2. US came to south korea aid. In 1953 the war ended with the signing of a peace treaty and with Korea remaining divided.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Law that prevented racial segregation in the USA.
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Vietnam War
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U.S. involved 1959 - 1975. Fought between communist North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The USA supported South Vietnamese forces until 1973 after congress passed the Case-Church Amendment in response to the anti-war movement. North Vietnam captured the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon (fall of saigon) which marked the end of the war. Vietnam under communist rule.
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Persian Gulf War
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August 1990 - February 1991. Purpose was to liberate Kuwait and expel Iraqi forces. War between Iraq and 34 nations. Operation Desert Storm was name of US land and air operations.
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Alexander the Great
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King of Macedonia in 336 B.C. Conquered the Persian Empire. Founded the city of Alexandria in Egypt. Created a massive empire and restored order in Ancient Greece.
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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1473 - 1543. First astronomer to place the sun at the center of the universe.
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Galileo Galilei
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Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher responsible for the birth of modern science
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Isaac Newton
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English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian known for defining gravity and the laws of motion.
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John Locke
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British enlightenment writer whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence, state constitutions, and the US constitution, believed that people are born free with certain natural rights including the right to life, liberty and property.
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Thomas Jefferson
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Third President of the USA. Considered one of the founding fathers of the US. Principal author of the Declaration of Independence. Played a role in the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition.
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1492 - 1504, Italian, made 4 voyages to West Indies and the Caribbean Islands.
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Christopher Columbus
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1497 - 1503, Italian, sailed to west indies and south america
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Amerigo Vespucci
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1497 - 1498, Italian, explored the shores of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Labrador
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John Cabot
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1498, Portuguese, first to travel to the West Indies around Africa's Cape of Good Hope
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Vasco da Gama
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1513, Spanish, led expedition across Panama and found the Pacific Ocean
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Vasco de Balboa
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1513, Spanish, explored Florida looking for the fountain of youth
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Juan Ponce de Leon
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1520 - 1521, Portuguese, circumnavigated the glode with 5 ships and 270 men.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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1519 - 1521, Spanish, conquered Aztecs in Mexico
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Hernando Cortez
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1523 - 1535, Spanish, Conquered Peru
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Francisco Pizarro
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1534 - 1542, French, traveled St. Lawrence River
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Jacques Cartier
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1539 - 1541, Spanish, Explored American Southeast, Discovered the Mississippi River
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Hernando De Soto
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1540 - 1542, Spanish, Explored America Southwest
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Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
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1577 - 1580, English, first englishman to sail around the world, defeated the Spanish Armada, claimed California for England
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Sir France Drake
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1603 - 1616, French, explored Eastern coast of North America and the coast of the St. Lawrence River to Lake Huron, reached Lake Champlain
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Samuel de Champlain
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1609 - 1611, English, explored the Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and the Hudson Straight
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Henry Hudson
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Florida was named by who? And when?
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Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513
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