Forest Health Quiz 1

Front 1

Is a qualitative term that refers to the general condition of a forest.

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Forest Healthi

Front 2

a scientific branch of forestry concerned with the study and control of biotic and abiotic stress agents that affect the health and/or integrity of trees, forest communities, and wood products.

Back 2

Forest Protection

Front 3

Biotic stress agents have been the focus of two major branches of forest protection:

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forest entomology and forest pathology.

Front 4

- study of forest insects, particularly those insects which feed on or do damage to trees or lumber.

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Forest Entomology

Front 5

people who specialize in insects. Most entomologists work in the field of economic entomology, also called applied entomology.

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Entomologists

Front 6

the study of insect pests that damage crops, ornamental plants, stored products, and buildings, or that endanger the health of human beings and animals.

Back 6

Economic entomology or applied entomology -

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study insect pests of food and fiber.

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Agricultural entomologists -

Front 8

seek to decrease the threat of insects that cause injury or disease to people and animals.

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Medical entomologists and veterinary entomologists

Front 9

is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, segmented body, and joint appendages.

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Arthropod

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This is the largest and most successful of the animal phyla, with over 1 000 000 species identified to date and an estimated 1 000 000 000 000 000 000

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Arthropods

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classification of insect as an animal is based on their structural characters. Those that have certain common structure are classified into one group and those with other structures into other groups. Their classification of groups are divided in the animal kingdom.

Back 11

Classification Taxonomy –

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a small, six-legged animal, three body sections, antennae and a hard exoskeleton, like a skeleton on the outside of their body – they are invertebrates.

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Insect

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- system of naming organisms.

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Nomenclature

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precise

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Scientific name –

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Vernaculars which may vary geographicallyñ

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Common name -

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– includes the genus and specific epithet usually italicized or underlined.

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It is binomial

Front 17

They live almost everywhere on earth--from steamy tropical jungles to cold Polar Regions.

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Insect

Front 18

They live high on snow-capped mountains, and in deserts below sea level. They can be found in caves deep in the earth, or flying high in the sky. Only in the oceans are few insects found. They smell chiefly with their antennae, and some taste with their feet. Many insects hear by means of hairs on their bodies. Others have "ears" on their legs or on the sides of their bodie

Back 18

INSECT

Front 19

involves activities like mating, nest building, egg laying (oviposition) and capturing prey.

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Complex behavior –

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Insect Behavior and their ways

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Complex behavior –

Insects are dominant groups of animals on earth

Front 21

Yet , they are valuable in many ways:

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a. Pollination

b. Provides honey, beeswax, silk and other products

c. Serve as food

d. Serve as scavengere.

Help keep harmful animals and plants in check

f. Source of medicineg.

For scientific research

Front 22

– production of light by some insect species of the order coleoptera. (Firely under family Lampyridae).The light producing organ is located under the body wall on the ventral side of terminal abdominal segments.

Back 22

Bioluminescence

Front 23

It consists of layers of light producing cells called _____.

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PHOTOCYTES

Front 24

The light is produced by the oxiation of a substance called ____ and catalyzed by the enzyme luciferinase with the presence of ATP.

Back 24

LUCIERIN

Front 25

The body of the insect is divided into ____ well-defined body regions through the aggregation of some segments to perform some specific functions.

Back 25

3

Front 26

Insect Body

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a pair of antennae

mouthpart

3 pair of thoracic legs

wings ~usually 0-2 pairs

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- The body wall of insect

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Integument

Front 28

The tarsomeres may vary from 2-5 and the basal tarsomere is sometime enlarged and called ---.

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basitarsus

Front 29

– are paired segmented appendages located on the head usually between or below the compound eyes.

Back 29

Antennae

Front 30

3 basic parts of Antennae

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Scape

Pedicel

Flagellum or clavola –

Front 31

Functions of Antennae

Back 31

Detect chemicals including food and pheromone

Perceive smell, humidity changes, temperature, variation, vibration, and wind velocity.

Perceive the forward environment detect danger.

Hearing

Communication

Front 32

– sense organ

Back 32

Pedicel

Front 33

remaining annuli or flagellomeres; lack of individual muscles.

Back 33

Flagellum or clavola

Front 34

Types of Antennae

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Setaceous

Filliform

Monilliform

Serrate

Unipectinate

Bipectinate

Clavate

Capitate

Lamellate

Aristate

Stylate

Geniculate

Flabellate

Plumose

Pilose

Front 35

COMMON TYPES of Insect Mouth

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Chewing

Piercing Sucking

Siphoning

Sponging

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Mouth PartsConsist of

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labrum,

mandibles,

maxillae,

labium and

hypopharyx.

The mouthparts of insects are modified in several ways.

Front 37

is the middle section of an insect's body.

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Thorax

Front 38

Three Dorsal sclerites:

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Dorsal plate : Tergum/notum (tergite/nota)

Lateral plate : Pleuron (pleura)Ventral : Sternum (sterna)

Front 39

Second and middle tagma

Back 39

THORAX

Front 40

Center of locomotion, jumping, swimming, flying

Back 40

Thorax

Front 41

Each segment has a pair of walking legs and usually one or two pair of wings in the meso and metathorax which is called pterothorax.

Back 41

THORAX

Front 42

Two pair of spiracles found In meso and meta on lateral side

Back 42

THORAX

Front 43

Each segment has a pair of walking legs and usually one or two pair of wings in the meso and metathorax which is called .

Back 43

pterothorax

Front 44

The ___ of insects typically consist of the following segments: the basal coxa, followed by a small trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus and pre-tarsus bearing the claws.

Back 44

Legs

Front 45

– small segment horizontal hinge to the coxa but fixed to the base of the third segment.

Back 45

Trochanter

Front 46

– the longest and stoutest part of the leg.

Back 46

Femur

Front 47

– slender segment.

Back 47

Tibia

Front 48

– in adult insect is usually subdivided into sub segments or tarsomeres.

Back 48

Tarsus

Front 49

- terminal segment of the leg bearing, usually pair of movable lateral claws and a median lobe, the arolium. In diptera, in addition to the large pulvilli, one beneath each claws, is a median process called empodium which is spine like or lobe like just as the pulvilli.

Back 49

Pretarsus

Front 50

The legs of the insect vary in shape and size acc to their habit and habitats. Some of the more striking modifications are follows

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Methathoric leg of the grasshopper for jumping.

Prothoracic leg of the mole cricket for digging.

Methathoracic leg of some aquatic bugs for swimming.

Leg of the cockroach for running and walking.

Prothoracic legs of the praying mantis for grasping.

Prothoracic leg of the head louse for clinging to hairs

Front 51

The ___of insects are outgrowth if the body wall, which vary in size, shape, texture, venation, and in the position at which they are held at rest.

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Wings

Front 52

Its structure of wings has 3 features:-

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articulation of the body

- veins

- differentiation of wings surface into regions.

Front 53

The ____ of other insects could be membranous as in bees, leathery (tegmina) as in grasshoppers, hard or elytron as in beetles, or partly hard basally and leather or membranous apically (hemilytron) as in bugs.

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Wings

Front 54

TYPE OF INSECT WINGS

Back 54

Membranous

Tegmen

Haltere

Fringe

Scaly

Elytron

Hamuli

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ABDOMEN IS COMPOSED OF

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Reproductive organs- ovipositor(female),aedeagus/penis (male)Respiratory openings-spiracleSensory structures -Cercus(i)

Reproductive organs- ovipositor(female),aedeagus/penis (male)Respiratory openings-spiracleSensory structures -Cercus(i)

Front 56

Respiratory openings

Back 56

spiracle

Front 57

Sensory structures -

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Cercus

Front 58

, external opening of the respiratory organ, are located on both sides of the abdominal segments (usually 8 pairs).

Back 58

Spiracles

Front 59

The ____ region of the insect is the abdomen with a number of segments varying from 9-11, but the 11th is usually much reduced or absent.

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posterior

Front 60

Consist of a dorsal tergum and ventral sternum.

Back 60

Abdomen

Front 61

The reproductive opening and ____ are found in the 9th segment in males and on the 8th and 9th segments in females.

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genitalia

Front 62

Abdomen of adult females possesses no appendages except on the 11th where a pair of long and multi-segmented appendage like structure, the ____, is retained. It is much reduced in some insects.

Back 62

cerci

Front 63

Many insects have a pair of feelers, called ____, on the last segment of the abdomen.

Back 63

cerci

Front 64

Mayflies, stone flies, and some roaches have especially long ___.

Back 64

cerci

Front 65

The ___ of earwigs and some other insects form a pair of tongs, which are used for self-defense or for capturing prey

Back 65

Cerci

Front 66

Development and Metamorphosis

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Egg

Larva

Pupa

Lady Bug

Front 67

Most insects develop from an egg.

Back 67

Oviparous

Viviparous

Front 68

– when an insect lay eggs and youngs or larvae hatched from it.

Back 68

Oviparous

Front 69

– insect whose eggs are retained in their body until they hatch and give birth to living young.

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Viviparous

Front 70

- is a change in form of insects during post-embryonic development resulting to the growth of insect.

Back 70

Metamorphosis

Front 71

- the exoskeleton is periodically shed and replaced with a larger one.

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Molting/Ecdysis

Front 72

– the shed cuticula or the cast skin.

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Exuviae

Front 73

– the stage of an insect between successive molts.

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Instar

Front 74

– refers to the period of time elapsing between molts.

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Stadium

Front 75

Some insects are called ___ because the eggs develop even without fertilization.

Back 75

PARTHENOGENETIC

Front 76

Type of Metamorphosis

Back 76

Ametabola

Paurometabola

Hemimetabola

Front 77

- type of growth or life cycle in insects in which there is slight or no metamorphosis. This insect lack wings even as adults. (Example: silver fish)

Back 77

Ametabola

Front 78

- the immature (nymph) resembles the adult in many respect and both have the same habitat. However, the gonads and wings are underdeveloped. The wings appear only as external pads on the thorax.

Back 78

Paurometabola

Front 79

At ____ there is the successive nymphs or instar development resulting to growth or increase size.

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nymphal stage

Front 80

- in this type of development the immature (naiad) appear to be very much different from the adult. It has gills in order to adapt to an aquatic habitat. Its wings and gonads are undeveloped.

Back 80

Hemimetabola

Front 81

Egg-naiad-adult

Back 81

Hemimetabola

Front 82

Type of Larvae

Back 82

Eruciform

Scarabeiform

Vermiform

Campodeiform

Elateiform

Front 83

– are caterpillar-like larvae. Their body is cylindrical, head is well developed but with very short antennae and with both thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs.

Back 83

Eruciform

Front 84

- a maggot-like. Body is elongate and worm-like, legless and with or without a well developed head

Back 84

Vermiform

Front 85

- or grub-like. Usually curved, head is well developed with thoracic legs but without abdominal prolegs, relatively inactive and sluggish.

Back 85

Scarabeiform

Front 86

– is resembling diplurans in the genus campodea. Body is elongate and somewhat flattened, the cerci and antennae are usually well developed. The thoracic legs are well developed and the larva usually active.

Back 86

Campodeiform

Front 87

– or worm like. Body is elongate, cylindrical and hardshelled, the legs and body bristles are reduced.

Back 87

Elateriform

Front 88

TYPE OF PUPA

Back 88

Obtect

Exarate

Coartate

Front 89

appendages are glued more or less to the body. Occurs in order lepidoptera.

Back 89

Obtect

Front 90

Characteristics of Exarate

Back 90

Free appendages

Visible adult structure

Mummified appearance

Lack of cocoon

Physiological activity

Front 91

CHARACTERISTICS OF OBTECT

Back 91

Appendages glued to the body

Immobility

Protective casing

Internal development

Physiological activity

Front 92

– it is like exarate pupa but remain covered by the hardened exuvia of the next larval instar which is called puparium.

Back 92

Coartate

Front 93

- appendages are free and not glued to the body. The pupa look like place mummified adult not usually covered with cocoon.

Back 93

Exarate

Front 94

CHARACTERISTICS OF Coartate

Back 94

Enclosed by puparium

Retain larval features

Hardened exoskeleton

Limited mobility

Internal development

Front 95

COMMON INSECT ORDERS

Back 95

Odonata

Dermaptera

Mantodea

Hymenoptera

Coleoptera

Lepidoptera

Diptera

Hemiptera

Orthoptera

Blattodea

Isoptera

Thysanoptera

Front 96

Greek “odon” = tooth (referring to teeth on their mandibles)

Back 96

Odonata

Front 97

(earwigs) Greek“derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing

Back 97

Dermaptera

Front 98

earwigs) Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing

Back 98

Dermaptera

Front 99

(Preying mantid) Greek=Mantis, prophet or soothsayer)

Back 99

Mantodea

Front 100

(bees, wasps, ants)Greek “hymen”=membrane, “ptero”=wing or Hymen, the Greek god of marriage because the forewing & hindwings are joined together with small hooks called hamuli

Back 100

Hymenoptera

Front 101

- Greek “koleos”= sheath, “ptero”= wing

Back 101

Coleoptera

Front 102

– Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wingE.g. (butterflies, moths)

Back 102

Lepidoptera

Front 103

– Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wingE.g. flies and mosquitoes

Back 103

Diptera

Front 104

- Greek “hemisys” = half, “ptero” = wingE.g. bugs, hoppers, aphids, scales,cicadas

Back 104

Hemiptera

Front 105

- Greek “orthos” = straight, “pteros” = wingE.g. (grasshoppers, crickets)

Back 105

Orthoptera

Front 106

(roaches) Latin “blatta” = cockroach

Back 106

Blattodea

Front 107

Greek -"Iso"=equal,"ptera"=wingE.g. termite

Back 107

Isoptera

Front 108

– Greek Thysanos,fringe; ptera, wing

Back 108

Thysanoptera

Front 109

is characterized by having:Bilaterally symmetrical and segmented body Paired jointed appendagesChitinous exoskeleton which is periodically shed and renewedOpen circulatory systemHemocoel (blood cavity) instead of a coelomVentral nerve cord with segmental gangliaDorsal brai

Back 109

Phylum Arthropoda (arthros = joint; poda = foot)

Front 110

Five Common Classes of Phylum

Back 110

Arthropoda Class

Class Crustacea

Class Diplopoda

Class Insecta

Class Chilopoda

Front 111

possess 2 body regions (cephalothorax and abdomen)chelicera for feedingpedipalps as sensory no antennae

Back 111

Arachnida

Front 112

Has a long cylindrical body segmentHas 2 pairs of legs on each segment (4 legs)Segment is called somites

Back 112

Class Diplopoda

Front 113

has a depressed segmented body with 1 pair of legs per somiteAbout 30-35 pair of legs

Back 113

Class Chilopoda

Front 114

Class chilopoda Has antennae and poison jaw called

Back 114

toxicognath

Front 115

generally characterized by having 3 distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen)3 pairs of thoracic legsThe head compose the pair of antennae and compound eye or ocelli.usually with one or two pairs of wings, and a pair of antennae. Feeding apparatus consists of a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, a hypopharynx and a labium.

Back 115

Class Insecta

Front 116

Why insect are beneficial?

Back 116

Decomposers/recyclers

Pollinators

Pest controller

Food sources for another animal

Provide products for human

Help to maintain balanced level of insects populations through parasitism and predation

Attacking weeds and reducing the plant’s ability to spread and to withstand diseases

Pollination of flowering plants, including honey, beeswax, silk, shellac, dyes and drugs

Front 117

Why insect are detrimental?

Back 117

Transmitting diseases

Pests of agriculture and forestry

Pests of stored grainspest of forest products and wooden structures

vectors of plant and animal diseases

Household pests

Others

Front 118

Beneficial Insects

Back 118

Odonata

Demaptera

Mantode

Hermiptera

Diptera

Hymenoptera

Coleoptera

Front 119

HARMFUL INSECTS

Back 119

Isoptera

Blattodea

Orthoptera

Diptera

Front 120

- study of insects.

Back 120

Entomology

Front 121

Has a long cylindrical body segmentHas 2 pairs of legs on each segment (4 legs)Segment is called

Back 121

somites

Front 122

– this is the behavior of producing sounds by insects.

Back 122

Acoustic behavior

Front 123

Methods of sound production by insects:

Back 123

Stridulation

Vibration of membranes and called tymbals in cicadas.

Striking some parts of the body against a substrate.

Forcibly ejecting air or liquid from body opening.

Front 124

Size of segment decrease from base to apex

Back 124

Setaceous

Front 125

Segments are cyclindrical and thickneds of segments remains same throughout

Back 125

Filliform

Front 126

Segments are globular or spherical with prominent constriction

Back 126

Monilliform

Front 127

Segment have short triangular projections one side

Back 127

Serrate

Front 128

Long slender process in segment on one side

Back 128

Pectinate

Front 129

Long slender process in segments on both sides

Back 129

Bipectinate

Front 130

Antenna enlarges gradually towards tip

Back 130

Clavate

Front 131

Terminal segments become enlarged suddenly

Back 131

Capitate

Front 132

Antennal tip is expanded lateral on one side to form flat plate

Back 132

Lamellate

Front 133

Terminal segment is enlarged with conspicuous dorsal blister

Back 133

Aristate

Front 134

Terminal segment bear style like process

Back 134

Stylate

Front 135

Scape is long. Remaining segment are small and arranged at angle to first resembling an elbow

Back 135

Geniculate

Front 136

Third and subsequent segment with size processes giving a fan like arrangements

Back 136

Flabellate

Front 137

Segments with long whorls of hair

Back 137

Plumose

Front 138

Antenna is less feathery with few hairs at junction of flagellomeres

Back 138

Pilose

Front 139

Possess 2 body regions, the cephalothorax covered by a carapace, 2 pairs of antennaewith biramous (branched)

Back 139

Class crustacea