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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fascia
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seep fascia of the foot is continuous with the fascai of the ankle, thin dorsally, but thick on sole as the palntar fascai
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Plantar apo
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central part of the plantar fascia, especially thick and helps in support of the longitudinal arches, splits into 5 digital bands, plantar fascitis
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axis of the foot
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is through the second toe
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metatarsals
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1 to 5 but sesamoids are also associated with the 1st metatarsal
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phalanges
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toes 2-5 have proximal, middle and distal;
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Tendons muscles from the anterior compartment of leg
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have long tendons that cross the dorsum of the foot on the way to their distal attachment. From medial to lateral the tendons are the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum and fibularis.
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Retinaculum on the dorsum of the foot
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superior extensor retinaculum extends from the fibula to the tibia over muscles of the anterior compartment
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INferior extensor retinaculum
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extends from the calcaneus laterally, bifurcates as a y to attach to the medial malleolus and medial cuneiform over ant compartment tendons
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Arteries
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next
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Anterior Tibial Artery
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Lies between the tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis at the ankle. Branches at the ankle into the medial and lateral malleolus
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Dorsalis Pedis
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is the cont. of the anterior tibial artery and is palpable lateral to ext. hallucis tendon. Crossed by extensor digitorum brevis tendon and dissapears between the two heads of the 1st dorsal interosseus to contribute to the plantar arterial arch. Other branches include the arcuate and medial and lateral tarsal
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Posterial tibial
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the artery of the posterior compartment courses between the soleus and tibialis posterior. divides into medial and lateral plantar.
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Peroneal Arch.
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Branches from the posterior tibial artery
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perforating branch of th peroneal
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passes through a gap in the lower part of the interosseus membrane and reaches the lateral side of the ankle. IN about 4% of the population substiutes for the dorsalis pedis a.
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Deep Peroneal nerve.
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lies lateral to the anterior tibial artery at the ankle. It innervates ext. digitorum brevis and ext hallucis brevis and is cutaneous to the skin between the big toe and 2nd toe
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Intermittent claudication
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the region of the extremeity that is affected is usually one level lower than the artery that is occluded.
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Deep Peroneal nerve.
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lies lateral to the anterior tibial artery at the ankle. It gets ext. digitorum brevis, ext hallucis brevis and is cutaneous to the skin between big toe and 2nd toe l5.
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ext. digitroum brevis
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extends from the calcaneus anteriorly to the dorsal expansion of toes 2-4
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Extensor Hallucis Brevis
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from the calcaneous, it attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
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Layers of the foot
1st-help maintains the palmar arch |
1st layer abductor hallucis-medial side of proximal phalanx
ABDUCTOr digiti minimi- to lateral side of proximal Flexor digitorum Brevis- to middle phalanges |
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Second layer
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flexor hallucis longus tendon-goes to distal phalanx of great toe
flexor digitorumn longus-through a split in FDB to reach distal phalanx of digits 2-5 Quadratus plantae- to lateral FDL Lumbrical- medial on FDL 2-5 |
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Third Layer
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Adductor Hallucis- two heads: oblique from base of metatarsals 234, tran-from mp lig of 2-4, both heads to lateral proximal phalanx.
Flexor hallucis brevis- medial aspect of cuboid and, medial and lateral cuneiforms to lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe Flexor Digiti Minimi brevis-5th metatarsal to proximal phalanx of small toe |
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Fourth Layer
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Tendon of Tibialis Posterior m. to tarsals and bases of metatarsals
tendon of peroneus longus m. to base of the 1st metatarsals and medial cuneiform dorsal interrossei and palmar interrossei |
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interrosei of foot
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have same attachments and actions as the hand ones but axis is second digits. INserted into aponeurosis of extensor digitorum longus. Dorsal interossei are bipenate
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Plantar interroseus
All inter. |
lie beneath the metatarsals
are arising from the base of the metatarsal and inserting on the proximal phalanx and the aponeurosis of the extensor digitoum longus |
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medial plantar n.
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like the median nerve. skin of medial 3.5 digits and nail beds of the same digits. Four muscles, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, and lst lumbricals
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lateral plantar
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like ulnar n of the hand. skin of lateral 1 t/z toes on plantar surface and nail beds of the same digits. Rest of foot muscles.
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L4
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supplies the big toe and the medial side of the foot
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L5
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supplies the middle toe and
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S1
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supplies the little toe and lateral side of the foot.
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Quadriceps patellar reflex
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is predominantly a test for the motor function of the l4, big toe extension is the best way to test for motor nerves from L5, and the achilles tendon reflex is a test predominantly for S1.
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arteries of the foot
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derived from the posterior tibial arteries, medial and lateral plantar arteries follow the foot.
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plantar arch
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from the lateral plantar artery. perforating branches anastomose with dorsal vis perforating
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Dorsum of the foot
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next
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extensor digitorum brevis
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Dorsal surface of calcaneus to tendon of extesnor digitorum longus
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extensor hallucis brevis
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dorsal surface of the calcaneus to the base of the proximal phlanax of the big toe
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Sole of the foot
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chicken bus
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first layer
abductors |
medial tubercle of calcaneus to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Medial planater nerve.
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1st flexor digitorum brevis
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medial tubercle of the calcaneus to the middle phalanges, like the superficialis , medial planter, flexes middle phalanges of lateral four toes
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1st abducotor digiti minim
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medial and lateral tubercles of the clacaneus to the proximal phalanx of the little toe -LATERAL plantar
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2nd quadrate plante medial and lateral side of the calcaneus
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to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus. Lateral Plantar. aids in flexing the toes.
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Lumbricals
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from the medial side of the flexor digitorum longus to the proximal phalanx of the extensor expansion. First by medial plantar, the rest by the lateral plantar, to flex MP and extend IP
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Third
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ef
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Flexor hallucis brevis
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cuboid and third to proximal phalanx of the big toe (medial planatar) flexes big toe
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis
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base of metatarsal 5 to proximal phalanx of little toe. Lateral plantar.
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4th layer
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d
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Plantar interossesus
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medial sides of the metatarsals 3 to 5 medial side of proximal phalanges - lateral plantar to adduct toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanx
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dorsal interossesus
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adjacent shafts of the metatarsals o proximal phalanges of 2nd 3rd and 4th lateral planater to flex proximal and extend distal phalanges
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tibialis anterio
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lateral tibial condyle to the first cuneiform and first metacarpal
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extensor hallucis longus
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middle half of anterior surface of fibula and interossesu membrane to base of middle and distal phalanges
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extensor digitorum longus
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lateral tibial condyle; upper two thirds of the fibula; interossesu membrane
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peroneus longus
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lateral tibial condyle; head and upper lateral side of the fibula to the base of the first metatarsal and medial cunieform
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peroneus brevis
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lower lateral side of the fibula to base of the fifth metatarsal
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popliteus
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lateral condyle of the femur to upper posterio side of the tibia
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flexor hallucis longus
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lower two thirds of the fibula to the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
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flexor digitorum longus
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middle posterior aspect of tibia to the distal phalanges of lateral four toes
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tibialis posterior
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upper part of tibia and fibula to the tuberosity of the navicular, sustenaculi tali, three cuneiforms cuboid and base of metatarsal 2-4
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