Foot

Front 1

tarsal bones of the foot

Back 1

talus calcaneus navicular ccuboid and cuneforms

Front 2

# of sesamoid bones in the foot

Back 2

2

Front 3

name the arches of the foot

Back 3

medial and lateral longitudinal arches and the transverse arch

Front 4

ligaments that support the arches of the foot

Back 4

plantar calcaneonavicular
short and long plantar ligaments
plantar aponeurosis

Front 5

clinical note: correction of fallen arch

Back 5

custom orthotics can correct the faulty foot biomechanics

Front 6

dynamic supports of the arch of the foot

Back 6

tibialis posterior tibialis anterior flexus hallucis longus fibularis longus and intrinsic plantar muscles

Front 7

passive/static support of the arch of the foot

Back 7

plantar aponeurosis long plantar ligament short plantar ligament and plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Front 8

Hallux vagus

Back 8

lateral deviation of the phalanges of the great toe, subluxation of the sesamoid bones and subsequently altered biomechanics of the flexor hallucis longus tendon,

Front 9

bunion

Back 9

inflammation of soft tissues of first MTP joint followed by bone deposition

Front 10

contributing factors to bunion and hallux vagus

Back 10

poor fitting high heeled narrow toes shoes

Front 11

plantar aponeurosis

Back 11

a thickening of deep facia in the sole of the foot. It is firmly anchored to the calcaneus and passes forward as thick bands which enter the toes connecting with bone, ligaments and the dermis of the skin

Front 12

superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments

Back 12

are transverse fibers bands that connect the longitudinal bands of the aponeurosis

Front 13

the plantar aponeurosis supports...

Back 13

the longitudinal arch of the foot and protects deeper structures

Front 14

clinical note: Plantar fasciiatis

Back 14

inflammation of the plantar fascia at its attachment site on the calcaneus; can lead to a heel spur if contributing factors are not modified; presents as pain in heel or arch

Front 15

fibrous digital sheaths

Back 15

flexor tendons enter these and they contain inner synovial sheaths to decrease friction

Front 16

extensor hoods

Back 16

provide attachment for intrinsic muscles (interossei and lumbricals) of the foot with an arrangement that is similar to the hand

Front 17

Layer one how many muscles?

Back 17

three:two abductors and one flexor

Front 18

abductors of layer one

Back 18

abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi

Front 19

flexor digitorum brevus

Back 19

flexor of layer one; the tendon splits and inserts to the middle phalynx

Front 20

layer two muscles

Back 20

quadratus plantae, 4 lumbricals and long flexor tendons

Front 21

layer three muscles

Back 21

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis and flexor digit minimi

Front 22

flexor hallucis brevis

Back 22

has two heads each with a sesamoid bone

Front 23

layer 4 muscles

Back 23

3 plantar interossei and 4 dorsal interossei

Front 24

plantar interossei

Back 24

adduction

Front 25

dorsal interossei

Back 25

abduction the second digit is the reference point for abduction

Front 26

arteries in the sole of the foot

Back 26

posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Front 27

lateral artery

Back 27

makes up the plantar arch from which branch the plantar metatarsal arteries

Front 28

plantar metatarsal arteries

Back 28

give rise to the common digital and digital arteries to the phalanges

Front 29

arteries ont eh dorsum of the foot

Back 29

dorsalis pedis-contiuation of the anterior tibial artery

Front 30

superficial veins

Back 30

great saphenous and lesser saphenous; originate from the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Front 31

great saphenous

Back 31

travels proximally on the medial aspect of the leg and thigh

Front 32

cutaneous innervation of dorsum of foot (medial to lateral)

Back 32

saphenous, superficial fibular, sural in between the great toe and 2nd toe is innervation from dep fibular

Front 33

cutaneous innervatio nof the planter aspect of foot (medial to lateral and tehn the heel)

Back 33

saphenous, medial plantar, lateral plantar, sural and teh heel is tibial nerve

Front 34

superficial plantar surface

Back 34

note cutaneous calcaneal branch of the tibial nerve

Front 35

tibial nerve

Back 35

divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves which branch to innervate the muscles of the foot and associated regions of the skin

Front 36

clinical note:morton's neuroma

Back 36

certain activities such as running can cause the matatarsal bones to lean into each other and pinch the nerve between them. the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments holds the metatarsals together. the common plantar nerve becomes swollen and this makes the condition worse. the nerve becomes scarred. the nerve most frequently involved is the nerve between the 2nd, and 3rd or 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads

Front 37

medial planter nerve innervates

Back 37

4 muscles in the sole of the foot
flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis and 1st lumbrical

Front 38

lateral plantar nerve innervates

Back 38

all of the rest of the intrinsic muscles of teh foot

Front 39

lateral plantar nerve similar to

Back 39

ulnar nerve in the hand

Front 40

medial plantar nerve similar to

Back 40

median nerve in hand

Front 41

clinical note: tibial nerve compression in tarsal tunnel

Back 41

may be compressed at the ankle as it courses through tarsal tunnel adjacent to medial malleolus. patients may have pain and paresthesia in the sole of the foot and weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

Front 42

fibularis tertius

Back 42

muscle in teh anterior compartment of the leg

Front 43

proximal attachment of fibularis tertius

Back 43

distal fibula and attaches to the dorsal 5th metatarsal

Front 44

innervation of fibularis tertius

Back 44

deep fibular nerve

Front 45

function of fibularis tertius

Back 45

dorsi flexion and eversion

Front 46

extensor digitorum brevis insertion

Back 46

lateral aspect of tendons of extensor digitorum longus

Front 47

extensor hallucis brevis insertion

Back 47

base of the proximal phalynx

Front 48

extensor digitorum brevis origin

Back 48

calcaneus

Front 49

extensor digitorum brevis innervation

Back 49

deep fibular nerve

Front 50

extensor hallucis brevis origin and innervation

Back 50

calcaneus and the deep fibular nerve

Front 51

dorsalis pedis artery

Back 51

farthest palpable vessel from the heart; important for assessing peripheral circulation

Front 52

palpate dorsalis pedis artery:

Back 52

between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons