Food And Agriculture

Front 1

Major shifts in source of food historically were ____________ and _____________.

Back 1

Hunting and gathering, agriculture

Front 2

Major shift in source of food currently is that it is _____________ in the ______________.

Back 2

manufactured, food industry

Front 3

Ultimate expression of _____________________ relationships and human ability to ______________________ in order to survive are historically how humans conceptualized food.

Back 3

human/nature, manipulate nature.

Front 4

________________________________ currently conceptualizes how we see food.

Back 4

Industrial Manufacturing Processes

Front 5

Industrial manufacturing processes currently conceptualized how we see food because we see it as _______ vs. _________, ________, ________ and _________ vs. __________.

Back 5

- Make vs Grow, harvest, eat

- Nourish vs. product for profit

Front 6

_________________ is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body

Back 6

Food

Front 7

______________ also means substance ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life or stimulate growth.

Back 7

Food

Front 8

The science, art and business directed at the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance and profit is called ________________.

Back 8

Agriculture

Front 9

_______________ is the activity or business of growing crops and raising livestock that is a part of agriculture.

Back 9

Farming

Front 10

Different places practicing different types of agriculture reflects ____________, ______________, and _____________.

Back 10

Culture, location differences, available technology.

Front 11

____________ and _____________ are the types of agriculture.

Back 11

Subsistence and Commercial

Front 12

___________________ once occurred in hunting gathering communities and was limited by its community's limits.

Back 12

Subsistence Agriculute

Front 13

___________________ is located in the periphery and is diminishing on a global scale because of globalization.

Back 13

Subsistence Agriculture

Front 14

Examples of subsistence agriculture include ______________ and ______________

Back 14

Shifting cultivation (slash and burn) and Pastrolism

Front 15

___________________ occurred in the tropics and it maintained soil fertility by rotating fields that are cultivated by a method of slash and burn which rotated every five years roughly.

Back 15

Shifting Cultivation (slash and burn)

Front 16

____________ and __________ were required in shifting agriculture (slash and burn)

Back 16

Communal lands and Low Population Density

Front 17

Low population density was needed in shifting cultivation agriculture because it _____________ and it could not _________________.

Back 17

- Needed a lot of land

- Could not produce enough food

Front 18

____________________ was done by breeding and herding animals to satisfy human needs for food, shelter, and clothing.

Back 18

Pastrolism

Front 19

Pastrolism was done in a _________________ and ______________ method.

Back 19

Sedentary and Nomadic

Front 20

_____________________ was a transhumance movement of herds according to seasonal rhythms.

Back 20

Nomadic Pastrolism

Front 21

_____________, _____________, and _____________ are locations were pastrolism is performed.

Back 21

Africa, Middle East, Central Asia

Front 22

______________ and ______________ were the characteristics of pastrolism

Back 22

Space and Public/Private property

Front 23

Domestication of crops and animals or more specifically seed agriculture and animals used for food and work occurred in the _____________________.

Back 23

1st Revolution of Agriculture (10,000-2,000 BC)

Front 24

Agriculture replaced home growing and led to settlements turning into civilizations examples include the Tigris/Euphrates, and the Nile. Diffused from this hearth is occurred in the ___________________.

Back 24

1st Revolution of Agriculture (10,000-2,000 BC)

Front 25

Improved technology provided a sense of control and commercial markets formed in the _______________________.

Back 25

2nd Revolution of Agriculture (Different Places and Times)

Front 26

Mechanization, Chemical/Synthetic inputs leading to problems of over fertilization and acidic soil, and food manufacturing happened in the ________________________.

Back 26

3rd Revolution of Agriculture (19th-20th Century)

Front 27

__________________ is what we see from the 3rd revolution of agriculture which includes Commercial and Industrial agriculture.

Back 27

Modern Agriculture

Front 28

In ____________________, food manufacturing (made vs. harvest) began and the role of a farm drastically changed.

Back 28

Intensified Agriculture

Front 29

_______________________ added value and shifted from a primary sector product to secondary sector product.

Back 29

Food Manufacturing (Made vs. Harvest)

Front 30

Role of the farm drastically changed because the farm shifted from __________________ to a farm as _____________________.

Back 30

Center of agriculture, one part of complex process.

Front 31

Role of the farm drastically changed because stages of agriculture integrated making a _______________ processes starting with _____________, _____________, _____________, ___________, ____________, and ______________.

Back 31

multi-leveled, production, storage, processing, distribution, marketing, and retailing

Front 32

Issues of Multi Leveled

• At what stage(s) of this process does the farm play a role?

• Who or what dictates production?

Back 32

- Production

- Market

Front 33

________________ was the genetic engineering of plants and animals in an attempt to increase agricultural productivity.

Back 33

Bio revolution

Front 34

___________________ is the techniques that uses living organisms to improve, make or modify plants and animals or to develop microorganisms for specific uses and examples include super plants or plant cloning.

Back 34

Bio Technology

Front 35

Benefits of biotechnology include the ability to control ____________, ____________, and _____________.

Back 35

Costs, Production, Environmental Impacts

Front 36

The potential costs of biotechnology may include the impact on ___________ and ______________ as well as the impact on _________________, especially geographically and accessibility to it.

Back 36

health and environment, Peripheral Countries

Front 37

Bioengineering plants to produce pharmaceuticals is called ________________.

Back 37

biopharming

Front 38

The distribution of industrial agriculture occurs in _________ and __________ countries.

Back 38

core and periphery

Front 39

Distribution of industrial agriculture in periphery countries historically was exported from the core for example the __________________, were reasons why techniques went to periphery.

Back 39

Green Revolution

Front 40

Industrial agriculture in periphery countries currently are shifting ________________ which means there is no longer interest and it is unable to be helped.

Back 40

economies

Front 41

Distribution of Industrial Agriculture in periphery countries resulted in ______________ and ______________.

Back 41

Nontraditional agricultural exports (NTAE) and Contact farming.

Front 42

_______________________ include crops that are competitive in global market, crops that bring higher profit, replace traditional crops/exports, and it has more requirements, standards.

Back 42

Nontraditional agricultural exports (NTAE)

Front 43

________________ is an agreement between farmers and processing/marketing firms for production, supply, and purchase of agriculture goos

Back 43

Contact Farming

Front 44

With _____________ of agriculture, modern agriculture is both an ____________ sector activity and a ______________ distributed activity.

Back 44

Globalization, economic, geographically

Front 45

Modern agriculture is increasingly dependent on economic policies and regulatory practices because of _______________.

Back 45

Globalization

Front 46

___________ and _________ of agriculture is global in its organization because of _____________________ of agriculture.

Back 46

Scope, Scale, Globalization

Front 47

A complication factor of globalization of agriculture is that food is both a ____________ and a ____________ but is subject to _______________ and __________________.

Back 47

necessity and commodity, national policies and international trade policies.

Front 48

Global agricultural market regulated by super-national organizations like World Trade Organization is an issue with ___________________

Back 48

Globalization of Agriculture.

Front 49

__________________ were the reaction to impersonal products which made better tasting products with more nutrition as well as having an a positive impact on local areas by providing workers jobs.

Back 49

Alternative Food Movements

Front 50

Alternative food movements vision of growth is based on balancing ______________, ______________, _______________.

Back 50

economic development, environmental impact, social equity

Front 51

Examples of alternative food movements include ______________, _______________, _______________, and ______________.

Back 51

Organic Farming, Local Food Movements, Urban Agriculture, and Slow Food Movements.

Front 52

_______________ is farming without the use of commercial fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and growth hormones.

Back 52

Organic farming

Front 53

_________________________ involve consuming food that is produced within 100 miles (Locavores) and are often characterized by co-ops.

Back 53

Local Food Movements

Front 54

__________________ involves growing food in urban areas and is historically in blighted areas (neglected areas)

Back 54

Urban Agriculture

Front 55

______________________ involves resisting fast food and appreciating culture. Also, involves appreciation for meal as an event.

Back 55

Slow Food Movement

Front 56

__________________ are areas where healthy, affordable food is difficult to obtain and is located in ___________________.

Back 56

Food Desserts, Low socio-economic areas

Front 57

________________ are the result of physical and economic barriers to accessing healthy food.

Back 57

Food Desserts