Fluid Electrolytes Acid Base Balance

Front 1

ECF (extracelluar)

Back 1

Interstitial (space surrounding cells)

Intravascular (blood heart holds plasma )

Front 2

Third spacing

Back 2

Fluids shifted to areas where they no longer maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Results in ascites and edema

Front 3

Blood plasma

Back 3

90% water and albumin protein too large to pass through semipermeable capillary walls

Front 4

Diffusion

Back 4

Substance to flow over naturally from area of a higher concentration to one of lower concentration (CO2 and O2)

Front 5

Water in body

Back 5

Maintain temp (takes longer to change temp) transport minerals vitamins waste products protects brain and spinal with synovial fluid and lubricates joints and digestive tract

Front 6

Intracellular fluids

Back 6

Lymph and fluid between cells

Front 7

CHF and lymph fluid

Back 7

CHF can't bring lymph fluid back (not enough hydrostatic pressure)

Front 8

Average fluid intake

Back 8

2500 ml

Front 9

ADH

Back 9

Antidiuretic hormone released by pituitary gland causes kidneys to release fluid back into system

Front 10

Aldosterone

Back 10

Sodium retention (BP up) more water

Front 11

Renin

Back 11

Enzyme secreted by the kidneys into the plasma in response to aldosterone action

Front 12

Angiotensin

Back 12

Produced in response to renin converts to angiotensin II then causes vasoconstriction

Front 13

Fluid volume deficit

Back 13

Vomiting diarrhea sweating lack of fluid intake

Flushed dry skin thirst nausea decreased urine production dry mucous membranes rapid weak pulse fever hypotension confused decreased LOC

Front 14

Most important test for fluid volume deficit

Back 14

Weight!

Front 15

Fluid deficit treatment

Back 15

Fluid electrolyte replacement clear liquid diet antiemetics and antidiarrheal monitor VS I/o monitor voiding at least q8h mucous membrane moisturizing as needed and monitor electrolytes by blood work

Front 16

Fluid volume excess

Back 16

Causes : CHF renal failure cirrhosis (liver failure)

S/sx weight gain edema hypertension neck vein Distention lung congestion full bounding pulse increased bp anxiety ascites

Treatments: low na diet, I/o daily weights vital signs diuretics fluid restriction auscultation of breath sounds

Front 17

Chloride foods

Back 17

Salty foods lettuce celery olives

Front 18

Potassium

Back 18

Dried fruits potatoes oranges bananas leafy great meats

Front 19

Magnesium

Back 19

Leafy greens whole grains beans

Front 20

Calcium

Back 20

Dairy products leafy greens shellfish

Front 21

Phosphorus

Back 21

Meats fish dairy egg yolks beans nuts

Front 22

Chevostek sign

Back 22

Tap 2 cm anterior to ear love and assess facial twitch and eye wink

Front 23

Trousseaus sign

Back 23

Inflate BP cuff on upper arm and asses for spasm in hand and fingers

Front 24

Hypocalcemia

Causes S/sx

Treatment

Back 24

VitD deficiency, pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism

S/sx numbness tingling of fingers positive chvostets and trouseaus test tetany muscle cramps

Front 25

Hypocalcemia

Causes S/sx

Treatment

Back 25

VitD deficiency, pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism

S/sx numbness tingling of fingers positive chvostets and trouseaus test tetany muscle cramps

Front 26

Hyper calcium S/sx causes

Back 26

Hyperparathyroidism bone cancer osteoporosis prolonged immobility acidosis

Front 27

Hypokalemia

Causes S/sx treatment

Back 27

Potassium wasting diuretics diarrhea vomiting gastric suctioning

S/sx weak rapid irregular pulse hypotension anorexia N/V fatigue muscle weakness cramps abdominal Distention decreased peristalsis

Treatment supplement K and monitor... Monitor vitals and heart rhythms

Front 28

Hypokalemia

Causes S/sx treatment

Back 28

Potassium wasting diuretics diarrhea vomiting gastric suctioning

S/sx weak rapid irregular pulse hypotension anorexia N/V fatigue muscle weakness cramps abdominal Distention decreased peristalsis

Treatment supplement K and monitor... Monitor vitals and heart rhythms

Front 29

Hyperkalemia

Back 29

Renal failure ketoacidosis too rapid infusion KCL severe dehydration !severe burns! Potassium spreading diuretics

Anxiety bradycardia/dysrhythmias weakness diarrhea

Treatment -monitor k lab restrict dietary intake K monitor vitals severe: IV glucose insulin

Front 30

Calcium

Back 30

99% in bones needed for bone and teeth formation cell permeability electrical impulses via nerve for muscle contraction

Front 31

Magnesium

Back 31

Neuromuscular function dilation of arteries enzyme function carb and protein metabolism

If low or calcium high look for low phosphorus

Front 32

Hypomagnesemia

Back 32

Malnutrition alcoholism diarrhea vomiting nasogastric drainage

S/sx muscle tremors hyperactive deep tendon reflexes confusion TORSADES

Front 33

Hypomagnesemia

Back 33

Malnutrition alcoholism diarrhea vomiting nasogastric drainage

S/sx muscle tremors hyperactive deep tendon reflexes confusion TORSADES

Front 34

Hypermagnesemia

Back 34

Renal failure excess intake mag

Hypo active deep tendon reflexes decreased respiration a hypotension flushing

Front 35

Hypomagnesemia

Back 35

Malnutrition alcoholism diarrhea vomiting nasogastric drainage

S/sx muscle tremors hyperactive deep tendon reflexes confusion TORSADES

Front 36

Hypermagnesemia

Back 36

Renal failure excess intake mag

Hypo active deep tendon reflexes decreased respiration a hypotension flushing

Front 37

Bicarbonate

Back 37

Regulated by kidneys major base buffer in the body

22-26

Front 38

Chloride

Back 38

Transport of chloride follows sodium - dietary intake and kidneys regulate

Front 39

Hypochloremia

Back 39

Causes committing n/g (loss of hydrochloric acid)

S/s similar to hyponatremia

Treatment increase nacl intake and infuse 0.9 nacl

Front 40

Phosphorus

Back 40

Assists in acid base balance vital for tissue muscle and rbc promotes neuromuscular metabolism

Front 41

Respiratory regulation

Back 41

Excess H and CO2.. Restorations increase to rid the body of CO2 process is rapid

Front 42

Respiratory acidosis

Back 42

Excess cabonic acid in EFC(can't get rid of CO2) pneumonia bronchitis

Front 43

Respiratory acidosis

Back 43

Excess cabonic acid in EFC(can't get rid of CO2) pneumonia bronchitis

Front 44

Respiratory alkalosis

Back 44

Short not related to disease. Hyperventilation extreme anxiety high fever

Front 45

Metabolic acidosis

Back 45

Lungs kick in (ketoacidosis- keussmals breathing)

Front 46

Metabolic alkalosis

Back 46

Excess hco and h vomiting or gastric suctioning Hypokalemia bicarbonate injection steroid or diuretic use