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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 main fluid compartments in the body |
intracellular fluid compartment 2/3 extracellular fluid compartment 1/3 |
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what are the 2 compartments of ECF compartment? |
1. plasma 2. interstitial fluid |
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solutes in the body are in 2 classifications |
nonelectrolytes electrolytes |
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differences between non electrolytes and electrolytes |
nonelectolytes: -have bonds (usually covalent) that prevent them from dissociating in solutions. -no electronic charge -organic molecules- glucose, lips, creatinine, and urea electrolytes: - chemical compounds that do dissociate into ions in water - include inorganic salts, both organic and inorganic acids and bases and some proteins -have greater osmotic power
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why do electrolytes have greater osmotic power than non-electrolytes?
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electrolyte molecules dissociate into at least 2 ions. (contributes twice as many solutes)
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what makes up a persons average daily intake of water?
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foods 30% beverages 60% |
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what makes up average daily output of water |
sweat 8% insensible loss via skin and lungs 28% urine 60% |
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what 2 things does a rise in plasma osmolality trigger?
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2. release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -conserve water |
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what activates the hypothalamic thirst center
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dry mouth decrease in blood pressure |
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what is obligatory water loss
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unavoidable water loss through sweat, skin, lungs, urine |
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electrolye balance usually refers to what?
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salt balance |
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what % do the salts NaHCO3 and NaCl account for of solutes in the ECF?
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90-95% |
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what is the most abundant cation in the ECF?
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what 2 qualities give sodium the primary role in controlling the ECF volume and water distribution within the body? |
1. most abundant cation and only one excerting significant osmotic pressue 2. cellular membranes are relatively impermeable to sodium ?? |
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what hormone has 'the most say' about renal regulation of sodium ions?
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(has an integral part in the RAAM) |
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What % of sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules of kidneys and nephron loops
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nephron loops= 25% (virtiually all remaining is absorbed in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts) |
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what is the most important trigger for the release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex and what mediates it
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juxtaglomular complex |
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what is the effect of aldosterone release
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increased secretion of potassium |
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does aldosterone bring about its effects quickly or slowly |
slowly. over a period of hours |
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low blood volume and blood pressure trigger renin release from the granular cells of the JGC in 3 ways |
2. decreased filtrate NaCl concentration 3. decreased stretch of the granular cells of the afferent arterioles |
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what is the role of renin?
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renin catalyzes the initial step in the reactions that produce angiotensin 2. angiotensin 2 prods the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone and also directly increases the sodium reabsorption by kidney tubules. |
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what provides information on 'fullness' or volume of the circulation that is critical for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis?
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baroreceptors |
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true or false, all proteins are influences by hydrogen concentration? |
TRUUUUUUUE |
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what is the optimal pH for blood, IF and ICF |
7.35 7.0 |
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what is hydrogen conc. in the blood regulated by?
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1. chemical buffers 2.brain stem respiratory centres 3. renal mechnisms |
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how long do the chemical, respiratory and renal buffers take to respond?
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respiratory= 1-3 minutes renal= hours to days |
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explain chemical buffer systems
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the do this by binding hydrogen ions when pH drops and releasing them when pH rises |
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what do we use electrolytes for? |
polarity muscular excitement maintain osmotic relationship |
