Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
K. pneumoniae common name |
Friedlander's bacillus, Bacillus mucosus capsulatus |
|
|
|
K. Pneumoniae Diseases |
PaBaSaNUW (now) --> PBSNUW |
PBS - -ia NM, UTI, WI |
|
|
Klebsiella Pathogenicity |
Heat stable enterotoxin |
|
|
|
#1 cause of UTI |
E. coli |
|
|
|
#2 cause of UTI |
K. pneumoniae |
|
|
|
Causative agent of K. pneumoniae |
Currant jelly like sputum |
|
|
|
Causative agent of Strep pneumoniae |
Rusty sputum |
|
|
|
In K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoga they produce |
Carbapenemase producing K pneumoniae |
|
|
|
Carbapenamase producing K pneumoniae is an important cause of |
ventilator associated pneumonia KPC (Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenamase producing strain) |
|
|
|
KPC |
hospital acquired; resistant to multiple microbial agent esp to new born or nursery outbreaks |
|
|
|
K. Pneumoniae's Capsule can be found to |
Neufeld Quellung Reaction |
|
|
|
K. granulomatis common name |
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis |
|
|
|
K. granulomatis |
- intracellular; cytoplasm
- cannot grow on artificial media - Associated wt Granuloma Inguinale or Donovanosis (STD) - safety appearance - Beefy red ulcers in genitalia - Painless papules in genitalia |
|
|
|
K. granulomatis recovery |
biopsy from genital area |
|
|
|
K. oxytoca |
antimicrobial-associated hemorrhagic colitis (GI tract/colon) |
|
|
|
Diagnostic feature of K. granulomatis |
Donovan body - stain as blue rod with prominent granules; used Wright or Giemsa stain |
|
|
|
K. oxytoca |
the only indole (+) in the klebsiella spp. |
|
|
|
Cause of K. pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis |
Granulomatis |
|
|
|
Patients with rhinoscleroma |
intense swelling, malfformation of entire face and neck because of nasal and pharyngeal infection |
|
|
|
Raoultella planticola |
- environmental organisms - isolated from blood, respiratory tracts, and urine - cause UTI and Wound infections - Difficult to differentiate with K. pneumoniae |
|
|
|
Enterobacter |
- Highly motile
- Has Fish eye appearance - Normal flora of GIT; may be opportunistic pathogen - Necrotizing fasciitis (powdered infant milk formula) |
|
|
|
In Enterobacter, all are Urease (-) except |
E. gergoviae |
|
|
|
In Enterobacter, all Biochemical test are similar to Klebsiella except for Lysine, all are (+) except |
E. cloacae |
|
|
|
2 tests that can different Enterobacter from Klebsiella? |
OD and Motility |
|
|
|
Result of K. pneumoniae to OD and Motility |
Negative |
|
|
|
Result of Enterobacter to OD and Motility |
Positive (except e. agglomerans) |
|
|
|
Old name of Enterobacter aerogenes |
Klebsiella aerogenes |
|
|
|
E. aerogenes |
isolated from Wounds, Urine, Blood, CSF |
|
|
|
E. cloacae |
Most predominant isolate |
|
|
|
Pantoea Agglomerans's old name |
Enterobacter agglomerans |
|
|
|
Pantoea agglomerans |
- caused septicemia - contaminated IV fluids or medical supplies used in parenteral nutrition - triple decarboxylation negative (LDC/ODC/ADH) |
|
|
|
E. gergoviae |
- Recovered from respiratory samples
- Rarely isolated from blood cultures - Strong urease reaction |
|
|
|
Cronobacter sakazaki |
- Yellow pigment --> E. cloacae intensities at 25C
- causing Necrotizing fasciitis or powdered milk or infant milk formula - causes neonates - bacteria and meningitis - (+): DNASE, OD - (-): Sorbitol, Arginine hydrolase, VP |
|
|
|
E. cancerogenous' other name |
E. taylorae |
|
|
|
E. cancerogenous |
- osteomyelitis after traumatic wound - Mac colonies with purple center - (-): Lactose, LDC - (+): ONPH, ADH, ODH |
|
|
|
E. asburiae |
isolated from Wounds, Urine, Blood, Feces, Sputum - biochemically similar to E. cloacae |
|
|
|
E. hormaechei |
isolated from sputum, blood, wounds |
|
|
|
Hafnia alvel
|
- Commensal of human GIT - cause disease to immunocompromised patients with underlying disease or traumatic surgery - delayed Citrate activity - strong scent of feces - linked to HUS and graft versus host disease sepsis |
|
|
|
Major characteristic of Hafnia alvei |
Delayed Citrate Activity |
|
|
|
Serratia |
- Motile, LLF (NLF to other books)
- chromogenic (prodigiosin) Production of pigment is enhanced by incubation at room temperature - DGL (+) - Opportunitistic pathogen; clear colonies MAC - Resistant to wide range of antibiotics - Ranked 12th most common organism isolated in pediatirc patients in North and Latin America Europe |
|
|
|
Prodigiosin |
Red man water soluble pigment |
|
|
|
Virulence factor of Serratia |
Prodigiosin |
|
|
|
Resistant to wide range of antibiotics |
Serratia (Enterobacter) |
|
|
|
Resistant to many antibiotics |
Serratia marcescens |
|
|
|
Most common species of Serratia |
Serratia marcescens |
|
|
|
S. marcescens |
- produces Red pigment; incubated at RT - reststant to many antibiotics - Outbreaks (3): nurseries, cardiac surgery, burn units - Causes (4): Wound, urine, blood, Pneumonia |
|
|
|
S. liquefaciens |
non-pathogenic |
|
|
|
S. rubidaea |
- red pigment
- Malonate test |
|
|
|
Malonate Test of S. rubidaea |
Positive |
|
|
|
Malonate Test of S. marcescens |
Negative |
|
|
|
S. odorifera |
- rotten potato odor - Biogroup 1: Respiratory Tract - (+): Raffinose, Ornithine, Sucrose - Biogroup 2: isolated from blood and CSF |
|
|
|
S. marcescens |
- contamination of antiseptic solution; used for joint injections - epidemic of septic arthritis - patients undergoing chemotherapy |
|
|
|
Salmonella and Shigella |
Primary intestinal pathogens |
|
|
|
MOT of Salmonella |
Ingestion of contaminated water, food, poultry, dairy products, that contains animal feces. - transmitted human to human |
|
|
|
Salmonella's natural hosts |
birds, rodents cold blooded animals |
|
|
|
Most species produces H2S except |
Salmonella Paratyphi A |
|
|
|
Salmonella do not grow in Medium with |
Potassium Cyanide |
|
|
|
Most are Citrate (+) except |
S. typhi |
|
|
|
Most are LDC (+) except |
S. paratyphii |
|
|
|
Antigenic structures of Salmonella is based on |
Kauffman-White |
|
|
|
Virulence factor of Salmonella |
Fimbriae |
|
|
|
Diseases associated with Salmonella |
- Gastroenteritis - Bactermia or Septicemia without GI symptoms - Carrier state - Enteric fever - Focal infections |
|
|
|
Focal infections has 4 conditions |
- Osteomyelitis - Meningitis - Brain abscess - Endocarditis |
|
|
|
(Previous) Biochemically species |
- S. cholerasuis - S. enteritidis - S. typhi |
|
|
|
Salmonella comprises only two species |
- S. enterica - S. bongori |
|
|
|
S. enterica |
medically important; affecting humans |
|
|
|
S. bongori |
primarily affects reptiles |
|
|
|
6 subsp of s. enterica |
1. S. enterica subsp. enterica 2. S. enterica subsp. arizonae 3. S. enterica subsp. salamae 4. S. enterica subsp. diarizonae 5. S. enterica subsp. houtenae 6. S. enterica subsp. indica |
|
|
|
Bacteremia of Salmonella is often caused by |
S. cholerasuis |
|
|
|
Vi Antigen is related to what serotype of Salmonella? |
Salmonella serotype Typhi and Salmonella serotype Cholerasuis. |
|
|
|
Serotypes most commonly associated with bacteremia |
- Typhimurium
- Cholerasuis - Paratyphi |
|
|
|
Typhimurium |
Food poisoning |
|
|
|
Cholerasuis |
Non-typhoidal fever |
|
|
|
Paratyphi |
Paratyphoidal fever |
|
|
|
Typhi |
Typhoidal fever |
|
|
|
Salmonella typhi's common name |
Eberth's bacillus |
|
|
|
S. typhi inhabits |
phagocytosis by inactivating the adenyl cyclase system |
|
|
|
(+) to S. typhi has what reaction? |
Rose spots on the skin, abdomen and chest |
|
|
|
EMB and MAC |
colorless colonies |
|
|
|
SSA |
Colorless with black center colonies |
|
|
|
XLD |
Pink to red with black center |
|
|
|
HEA |
Green colonies with black center |
|
|
|
BSA |
Green with black center |
|
|
|
BGA |
Pink to white opaque surrounded by brilliant red; except for S. typhi salmonella colonies |
|
|
|
Selenite F Broth |
Enrichment medium for Salmonella |
|
|
|
Major Reservoir of Salmonella |
Chicken |
|
|
|
Mode of Transmission of Salmonella typhi |
Ingestion of uncooked meats and eggs |
|
|
|
Laboratory Diagnosis of S. typhi |
Culture, Biochem Tests, and Widal's Test |
|
|
|
Blood culture |
most reliable during the first week of infection / onset of infection |
|
|
|
Stool & Urine Culture |
for 2nd week of infection |
|
|
|
Widal's Test |
for 3rd week of infection if nonstop fever and diarrhea |
|
|
|
Biochemical test result if S. typhi |
K/A no gas little H2s; (mustache sulfide) |
|
|
|
Biochemical test result if other Salmonella |
K/A with gas and H2S |
|
|
|
Titer O |
Active infection > = 1:160 |
|
|
|
Titer H |
Post vaccination / Past infection > = 1:160 |
|
|
|
Drug of choice of S. typhi |
Ampicilin |
|
|
|
S. paratyphi A |
- Paratyphoid fever; if positive / agglutinate |
|
|
|
S. paratyphi B |
- S. scottmuelleri |
|
|
|
S. paratyphi C |
- S. hirschfeldii |
|
|
|
S. arizonae's old name |
Arizona hinshawii |
|
|
|
S. arizonae |
- Motile - (+) Blue color - present in the intestinal content of reptiles - Cause: gastroenteritis or sepsis - TSI: A/A with H2S - LIA: K/K |
|
|
|
S. arizonae grow on where? |
Sodium malonate |
|
|
|
Virulence factor of Shigella |
Shiga toxin |
|
|
|
NAtural habitat of Shigella |
intestinal tract of humans and other primates |
|
|
|
Shigella sonnei is transmitted by |
- Flies
- Fingers - Foods - Feces - Water |
|
|
|
Incubation period of Shigella |
1 - 7 days |
|
|
|
Incubation period of Salmonella |
1 - 4 days; multiply in the liver and spleen |
|
|
|
Virulence factors of Shigella |
- Shigella toxin - Endotoxin - Neurotoxin - Invasive property - Antigen |
|
|
|
Endotoxin |
associated with inflammation |
|
|
|
Shiga toxin |
associated with diarrhea and dysentery |
|
|
|
What species is under Non-mannitol fermenters? |
Shigella dysenteriae |
|
|
|
Shigella dysenteriae common name |
- Dysentery
- Shiga's bacillus |
|
|
|
2 types of toxins |
-Exotoxin - neurotoxin - Enterotoxin - cholera toxin |
|
|
|
Mannitol fermenters - NLF |
- S. flexneri - S. boydii |
|
|
|
Mannitol fermenters - LLF |
- S. sonnei |
|
|
|
S. flexneri's common name |
- Strong's bacillus - Gay-bowel syndrome |
|
|
|
S. boydii's common name |
- Boyd's bacillus - Newcastle Manchester bacillus |
|
|
|
S. sonnei's common name |
- Sonne Duval bacillus or Sonne's |
|
|
|
Laboratory diagnosis for Shigella |
-Culture - fresh stool with mucous flecks - Rectal swab of ulcer; watery diarrhea |
|
|
|
All shieglla species can cause |
bacilliary dysentery (a painful diarrhea) |
|
|
|
Serogroup A for Shigella is |
- S. dysenteriae - poor and underdeveloped countries; - endotoxin, neurotoxin, enterotoxin, invasiveness |
|
|
|
Serogroup B for Shigella is |
- S. flexneri - seen in adults; - strongs bacillus |
|
|
|
Serogroup C for Shigella is |
- S. boydii - underdeveloped countries - Newcastle Manchester |
|
|
|
Serogroup D for Shigella is |
- S. sonnei - Duval's - most common in US |
|
|
|
Edwarsiella tarda |
- Motile - Found in aquatic animals and reptiles (cold and warm blooded) - Source of Gastrointestinal Infection - Citrate (-) |
|
|
|
Edwardsiella hoshinae |
birds, snake, water |
|
|
|
Edwardsiella ictaluri |
enteric septicemia in fish |
|
|
|
Citrobacter is also classified in |
Bathesda-Ballerup group |
|
|
|
Salmonella is |
NLF |
|
|
|
Citrobacter is |
LLF |
|
|
|
C. freundii |
- Morphologically similar to E.coli - Biochemically similar to Salmonella - Normal git flora - On plated media, it has strong resemblance to E. coli colonies |
|
|
|
C. freundii |
causes diarrhea and extraintestinal infections |
|
|
|
C. koserii |
neonatal meningitis in newborn - Malonate test (+) |
|
|
|
C. braaki |
rare human pathogen with community acquired infection - septicemia with cervical cancer |
|
|
|
Citrobacter and Salmonella are differentiated with |
LD and Lactose |
|
|
|
Key biochemical tests of Citrobacter |
ONPG, Utilize Citrate. and Methyl Red (all are positive) |
|
|
|
Normal inhabitants of GI |
Proteus and Providencia |
|
|
|
Only motile among PMP |
Proteus |
|
|
|
Proteus |
- actively motile at 37C - swarming motility on BAP - burnt gun powder / chocolate cake/ odor - Dienes Phenomenon |
|
