Final

Front 1

Civilization

Back 1

Urban society, from the Latin word for city- state

Front 2

State

Back 2

An autonomous political unit with centralized decision making over many communities with power to govern by force (e.g. to collect taxes, draft people for work and war, and make and enforce laws). Most states have cities with public buildings; full- time craft and religious specialists; an official art style; a hierarchical social structure topped by an elite class; and a government monopoly on the legitimate use of force to implement policies.

Front 3

Cuneiform

Back 3

Wedge shaped writing invented by the sumerians around 3000 bc

Front 4

Hieroglyphs

Back 4

Picture writing, as in ancient Egypt and in Mayan sites in mesoamerica (Mexico and central America)

Front 5

Culture

Back 5

The set of learned behaviors and ideas (including beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals) that are characteristic of a particular society or other social group.

Front 6

Society

Back 6

A group of people who occupy a particular territory and speak a common language not generally understood by neighboring peoples. By this definition, societies do not necessarily correspond to countries.

Front 7

Subculture

Back 7

The shared customs of a subgroup within a society.

Front 8

Norms

Back 8

Standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior

Front 9

Ethnocentric

Back 9

Refers to judgment of other cultures solely in terms of one's own culture.

Front 10

Ethnocentrism

Back 10

The attitude that other societies customs and ideas can be judged in the context of one's own culture.

Front 11

Cultural relativism

Back 11

The attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be viewed within the context of that society's problems and opportunities.

Front 12

Maladaptive customs

Back 12

Cultural traits that diminish the chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

Front 13

Adaptive customs

Back 13

Cultural traits that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment

Front 14

Diffusion

Back 14

The process by which cultural elements are barrowed from another society and incorporated into the culture of the recipient group

Front 15

Acculturation

Back 15

The process of extensive borrowing of aspects of culture in the context of superordinate-subordinate relations between societies; usually occurs as the result of external pressure.