Female Reproductive System

Front 1

broad ligament

Back 1

Extension of the peritoneum that is spread out on both sides of the uterus. Ovaries and uterine tubes are attached as well.

Front 2

suspensory ligament

Back 2

connects ovaries to peritoneum and contains ovarian arteries, veins, and nerves.

Front 3

ovarian ligament

Back 3

connects ovaries to uterus and contains ovarian arteries, veins, and nerves.

Front 4

ovaries

Back 4

site of ova (egg), estrogen, and progesterone production

Front 5

ovaries are made of

Back 5

outer Cortex which contains Follicles with Oocytes and an inner Medulla which contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

Front 6

oogenesis

Back 6

By the 4th month of prenatal life, ~ 5 million oocytes are present. About 2 million begin meiosis but stop at prophase I. They remain at this stage until puberty when they develop into a secondary oocyte.

Front 7

oocytes are surrounded by

Back 7

Granulosa Cells which become Primary then Secondary Follicles and eventually form a Graafian (mature) Follicle which remains in the ovary and becomes the Corpus Luteum (secretes progesterone if fertilization occurs).

Front 8

ovulation

Back 8

Release of a secondary oocyte
from an ovary.

Front 9

fertilization

Back 9

A sperm cell binds to the cell membrane of a secondary oocyte and enters the cell. This triggers the oocyte to finish meiosis and expel the last polar body.

Front 10

The nuclei of the two cells fuse and the new cell is called a

Back 10

zygote

Front 11

fallopian tubes

Back 11

Open directly into the
peritoneal cavity to receive the oocyte from
the ovary. An Infundibulum with Fimbriae
extends from each tube to “catch” the
oocyte when it is ovulated.

Front 12

the tubes are lined with _____ _____ to move the _____ towards ______.

Back 12

ciliated epithelium to move the oocyte (or zygote) towards the uterus.

Front 13

ampulla

Back 13

widest part of the tube where fertilization occurs.

Front 14

uterus

Back 14

site of development of the fetus

Front 15

uterus is composed of

Back 15

Isthmus, Fundus, Body, and Cervix (rigid).

Front 16

uterine ligaments are

Back 16

Broad, Round, and Uterosacral

Front 17

uterine layers are

Back 17

Perimetrium (serous layer)
Myometrium (muscle)
Endrometrium (includes a functional inner layer that is replaced monthly

Front 18

vagina functions as (3)

Back 18

- Receptacle for penis
- Outlet for menstrual flow
- Birth canal

Front 19

vagina is compose of...

Back 19

muscular walls with a mucous membrane lining.

Front 20

vaginal secretions are...

Back 20

acidic to prevent infection and entrance of foreign cells.

Front 21

mammary glands

Back 21

Organs of milk production consisting of glandular lobes and adipose tissue.
Several hormones are required to initiate milk production.

Front 22

menstrual cycle

Back 22

Begins at puberty with “Menarche” (first episode of menstruation). It is triggered by elevated levels of GnRH
from the pituitary

Front 23

3 phases of menstrual cycle

Back 23

Menses - menstruation
Follicular Phase – functional layer of the endometrium proliferates and follicles mature
Luteal (Secretory) Phase – Begins with ovulation and involves maturation of glands

Front 24

menopause

Back 24

cessation of menstruation

Front 25

Fertilization

Back 25

-Sperm move through the female reproductive tract to the Fallopian tubes.
- Sperm cells undergo Capacitation, enabling them to release acrosomal enzymes to digest away follicular cells.

Front 26

An oocyte can be fertilized up to -___ hours after ovulation

Back 26

24

Front 27

Sperm cells can be viable for up to ____ hours ( ___ days) in the female tract

Back 27

72, 3