The Female Reproductive System

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The major organs of the female reproductive system are enclosed within an extensive mesentery called the

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broad ligament

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The organs where egg cells are produced in the female reproductive tract are the

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ovaries

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Hormones produced by cells of the female reproductive tract are progesterone and

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estrogen

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The ligaments that support the ovary are the ovarian ligament and the

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suspensory ligament

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Immature egg cells contained within the ovary are known as

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oocytes

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The expanded funnel of the Fallopian tube is the

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infundibulum

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The projections that extend from the Fallopian tube into the pelvic cavity are

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fimbriae

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Fertilization of the egg cell by the sperm cell usually takes place in the

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Fallopian tube

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Transport of the egg cell through the Fallopian tube is encouraged by the movement hairlike cell appendages called

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cilia

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The hollow organ where the embryo develops in the female is the

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uterus

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The Fallopian tubes enter the uterus at the bulging upper surface of the body of the uterus called the

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fundus

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The neck of the uterus that projects into the vagina is called the

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cervix

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The inner tissue layer of the uterine wall partially sloughed off during menstruation is the

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endometrium

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The middle layer of the uterine wall composed of thick muscle layers is the

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myometrium

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The muscular tube extending between the uterus and external genitalia is the

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vagina

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The fold of epithelium partially blocking the entrance to the vagina prior to sexual activity is the

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hymen

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The muscular tube where sperm cells are deposited during sexual intercourse is the

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vagina

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The vulva is an alternate term for the

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external genitalia

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The small mass of erectile tissue that enlarges during female sexual arousal is the

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clitoris

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During sexual intercourse, lubricants are produced by the glands known as the greater vestibular gland and the

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paraurethral glands

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Two elongated folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and structures of the vestibule are the

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labia majora

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After birth, the newborn gains nourishment from milk secreted from the

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mammary glands

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The production of milk is called

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lactation

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The ejection of milk is mediated by the hormone

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oxytocin

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The pattern of physiological and structural changes in the female reproductive tract occurring in response to changes of ovarian hormones is known as the

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menstrual cycle

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The length of time for a complete menstrual cycle to occur is about

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28 days

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The stage of the menstrual cycle during which follicles develop in the ovaries and the endometrium is regenerated is the

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proliferative stage

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A surge of estrogen and progesterone accompany the release of the egg cell from the follicle, a process known as

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ovulation

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The process by which egg cells are formed in the ovary is known as

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oogenesis

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The primitive egg cells that will pass through oogenesis to form mature egg cells are called

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oogonia

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Layers of cells surrounding the primary oocytes form a structure called the

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follicle

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Within the ovary, the follicle grows and matures under the influence of the hormone

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follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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The mature egg cell is also known as a(n)

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ovum

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The number of chromosomes present in the mature egg cell is

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23

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After the egg cell is released from the follicle, the follicle cells form a structure called the

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corpus luteum

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When an egg cell unites with a sperm cell, the resulting fertilized egg cell is called the

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zygote

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The fertilized egg cell forms two cells, then four cells, then eight cells, by the process of

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cleavage

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The hollow ball of cells resulting from multiple divisions of the fertilized egg cell is the

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blastocyst

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The process in which the blastocyst contacts the wall of the endometrium and buries itself therein is called the

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implantation

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Within the uterus, the organ that produces hormone and provides a medium for the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between embryonic and maternal bloodstreams is the

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placenta

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A reliable indication that fertilization has taken place is the presence in the bloodstream of the hormone

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human chorionic gonadotropin

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The hormone produced by the corpus luteum, which prevents the contractions of the uterus, is known as

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progesterone

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During the first two months after implantation, the developing individual is referred to as a(n)

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embryo

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The germ layer that develops into the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, blood, bone, and other organs is the

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mesoderm

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The germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal system, many of the glands, and structures of the urinary and respiratory tract is the

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endoderm

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The sac that entirely encloses the embryo during development is the

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amnion

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The long ropelike structure extending from the placenta to the embryo during development is known as the

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umbilical cord

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During the final seven months of a pregnancy, the developing individual is known as a(n)

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fetus

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The heartbeat begins, ossification takes place in bones, and the body systems are developing during pregnancy in month number

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3

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During the early stages of birth, contractions of the uterus are stimulated by a hormone released from the pituitary gland, known as

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oxytocin