Fc Att Week 9 100+ Terms

Front 1

Multiplexing

Back 1

Tracking A/D converter

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Demultiplexing

Back 2

Separating data from a single line to different outputs

Front 3

First concept of computers

Back 3

Used vacuum tubes that were unreliable and expensive

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3 categories of computers

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Macro, mini, micro

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Microprocessor made of

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Input, control, memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output

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Control

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Used for synchronizing processes

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ALU

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Calculates circuitry of computer

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Memory contains

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Data, instructions. Information

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Bus

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Path for info or data groups by function

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Status flag register

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Indicates status of ALU

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General purpose registers

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Used for temporary storage

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Address registers

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Access location of data and enable a specific I/O port

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Smallest unit of data microprocessor recognizes

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Bit

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Program counter

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Has address of next instruction to be executed

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Address bus

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Determines how much memory can be addressed

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Status

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Condition of ALU

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Microprocessors are generally used by...

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Small businesses

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When control section directs a word to memory...

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An address determines where it will go

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Basic sections of a computer

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Control, input, output

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Two primary forms of memory

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ROM & RAM

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Data stored in ROM is called

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Firmware

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Static RAM is made from

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Flip flops

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Dynamic RAM is made from

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Capacitors

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Extended memory

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All memory beyond original 1M

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Extended memory specification

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XMS

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What was used before XMS

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Expanded memory specification (EMS)

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Why is EMS not accessed same as conventional and XMS?

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It cannot be directly accessed by the processor

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L1 cache

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Internal to processor

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L2 cache

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External to processor

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Personal computer contains

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Mouse, keyboard, monitor, and system unit

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System unit is primary system component and contains

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Software, main program Used is kernel, purpose is to manage operation of computer

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Operating system is...

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CPU, power supply, memory and ROM BIOS

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Parts of case

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Chassis and enclosure

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What case has best cooling

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Full tower

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Why is mini tower good?

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Small and minimal space taken up on desk

Front 36

UNIX

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Network operating system that has been modified by different companies

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BIOS

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Set of instruction that tells CPU how to access devices that let it communicate with rest of world

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System case most important functions

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Structure, protection, cooling

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Purpose of CPU

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Preform system's calculating and processing

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CMOS used for clock chip because

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Takes little power to operate it

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Interrupt

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Suspension of a process going on in CPU

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Important characteristics of bus

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Speed and width

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Local bus

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Bus that allows peripherals to connect to processor bus

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Universal Serial Bus (USB)

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Can include up to 127 devices at once; peripherals can be connected w/o having to shut down/restart and individual device don't need individual sets of system resources

Front 45

Software application

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Set of instructions for accomplishing a Sequence of actions

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Software application categories

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Productivity, utility and communication

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8-pin

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Configuration of typical Ethernet jack

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Client/server relationship involves

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Resource sharing and data flow control

Front 49

If client account has full rights to a network client limitations are

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Minimal

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Photons

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Light form of electromagnetic radiation containing bits of massless energy

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Light is

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reflected, refracted and absorbed by all materials

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Refraction

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Bending of a beam of light as it travels from one medium to another due to change in speed of light

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Law of reflectance

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Angle of reflectance=angle of incidence

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Fiber optic systems contain

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Transmitter, transmission and receiver sections

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LEDs and lasers

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Capable of light emissions in visible and infrared ranges (lasers also ultraviolet ranges)

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PIN photodiode and APD's

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Most common employed in fiber optics

Front 57

PIN photodiodez

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Have increased response but lower quantum efficiency

Front 58

APDs

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Have higher responsivity and efficiency but need higher V bias

Front 59

Optical detector terms

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Responsitivity, response time, numerical aperture, quantum efficiency, dark

Front 60

Dark current

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Current produced by photodiode when no V applied

Front 61

Attenuation

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Ability to maintain integrity of signal; measure in decibels/kilometers

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Attenuation is affected by

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Absorption, scattering and micro bend losses

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Single mode optical fiber

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Only one light path

Front 64

Multimodal grade index optical fiber

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(Or multimode step index) allows several light paths

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Multimode step index

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Not good for high speed or long distance

Front 66

Signal processing includes

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Amplification, filtering, reshaping, modulation/demodulation, multiplexing/demultiplexing

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Intensity modulation

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Modulated signal transmitted by ranging intensity of light wave

Front 68

Heterojunction LEDs

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Confine and direct light better w/ a different type of material on at least one side of PN

Front 69

RADAR

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RAdio Detection And Ranging

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Range

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Line of sight length

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Quality measurements

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Analog SNR, digital BER

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Echo

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Reflected energy from object

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RF reflected from object gives

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Bearing, range, elevation and velocity

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Surface search radar

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Cannot supply altitude

Front 75

Two types of radar transmissions

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Pulsed and continuous wave (CW)

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PW of radar

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Discharge time of Pulse Forming Network (PFN)

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Good transmission line

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Has max transfer with minimum loss

Front 78

Transmission line properties

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Resistive loss, induction loss, radiation loss, capacitive loss

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Copper loss

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Due to resistance(especially in long lines)

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Radiation loss

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Portion of electric energy lost to the atmosphere (not object nearby)

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Characteristic impedance of transmission line

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Distributes inductance and capacitance

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Skin Effect

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At high f's electrons go to outer surface

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Dielectric loss

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Due to capacitance formed between transmission lines

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Waveguides are

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Manufactured from conductive materials and may be rectangular, circular, or elliptical

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A dimension

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f range (In waveguides)

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B dimension

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Power capability (In waveguides)

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Antenna

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A conductor or group of conductors used for radiating electromagnetic energy transferred by the transmission line into space

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Most common antenna type for microwave

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Horn

Front 89

Horn antenna

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Has power gain and matches waveguide impedance to space

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Parabolic reflector antenna

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Produce narrow beam in both planes

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Orange peel parabolic reflector

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Narrow horizontal and wide vertical

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Cavity resonator

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Is a parallel LC circuit (Resonator... Resonance... Resonance frequency)

Front 93

Special Vacuum Tubes

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Klystron and magnetron

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Klystron

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Buncher grids and cavity cause electrons to accelerate and decelerate

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EMC can be divided to:

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Denials and deception and each into passive and active

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Active denial ECM

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Electronic jamming devices used to produce signals to prevent tracking and detection of targets

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Type 1 cooling system

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SW/DW heat exchange with SW/DW heat exchange standby

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Type 2 cooling system

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SW/DW heat exchange with CW/DW heat exchange standby

Front 99

Type 3 cooling sustem

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CW/DW Heat exchange with a CW/DW heat exchange standby

Front 100

Minimum range of radar

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Determined by receiver recovery time and pulse width

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A/D Converter

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Converts Analog to Digital

Front 102

D/A Converter

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Converts Digital to Analog

Front 103

Simultaneous A/D Converter

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Compares an analog input voltage to a reference voltage with many comparators and an encoder

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Stairstep A/D Converter

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compares its output to a D/A converter using an UP converter and one comparator

Front 105

A Tracking A/D Converter

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uses an UP/DOWN counter and one comparator

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A Binary Weighted D/A Converter

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uses different values of resistors

Front 107

The Selector Data circuit

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chooses one of several inputs for an ouput

Front 108

The Distributor Data circuit

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chooses one of several outputs for one input

Front 109

The process of placing several bits of data on a single output line is called

Back 109

MULTIPLEXING

Front 110

The process of separating data from a single line to different outputs is called

Back 110

DEMULTIPLEXING

Front 111

The ADDRESS COUNTER

Back 111

determines what input or output line is active