Exam 3 Study Guide

Front 1

____ are a group of cells with a common structure and function

Back 1

tissues

Front 2

list the 3 shapes of epithelial cells

Back 2

Squamous—like a fried egg
Cuboidal—as tall as they are wide
Columnar—taller than they are wide

Front 3

________causes voluntary movements

Back 3

skeletal muscle

Front 4

_____muscle pumps blood

Back 4

cardiac

Front 5

____muscle moves walls of internal organs, such as the intestines

Back 5

smooth

Front 6

Both ____ and _____ muscles cause involuntary movements

Back 6

smooth .... cardiac

Front 7

____ ____cushions internal organs and stores potential energy

Back 7

adipose tissue

Front 8

____ _____forms a communication and coordination system in the body

Back 8

nervous tissue

Front 9

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the ____

Back 9

neuron

Front 10

______is the maintenance of the constancy of the internal environment

Back 10

homeostasis

Front 11

Humans promote homeostasis by

Back 11

a) adding clothing when we are cold, b) drinking water when we are dehydrated, c) eating when our calories are running low and d) urinating when our bladders are full

Front 12

Negative feedback mechanisms

Back 12

permit only small fluctuations around set points

Front 13

____is the contraction of the smooth muscle

Back 13

Peristalsis

Front 14

Food is processed in four stages

Back 14

a) Ingestion, b) digestion, c) absorption and d) elimination

Front 15

The digestion of carbohydrates starts from the

Back 15

mouth

Front 16

The digestion of Protein starts from the

Back 16

stomach

Front 17

The digestion of fat does not start until food gets to the

Back 17

small intestine

Front 18

The sinoatrial (SA) node, a special group of heart cells located in the upper wall of the right atrium, commonly called the “pacemaker”, sets

Back 18

the rate at which all of your cardiac muscle cells contract.

Front 19

An alimentary canal a tube-shaped compartment for

Back 19

the transport, digestion, and absorption of food

Front 20

A healthy diet is one that

Back 20

produces fuel, organic building molecules, and essential nutrients

Front 21

Through digestion, polysaccharides are broken down into _____,proteins into_____,fats into _____, and glycerol and nucleic acids into ______.

Back 21

monosaccharaides
amino acid
fatty acids
nucleotides

Front 22

Innate defenses are the first line of defenseFound in all

Back 22

animals

Front 23

Antigens are foreign molecules that evoke

Back 23

an immune response

Front 24

The two main functions of the lymphatic system are to

Back 24

1) to return fluid from interstitial spaces to the circulatory system and 2) to combat infection

Front 25

A Phagocyte is white bloods cell e.g. a neutrophil or a monocyte that engulfs

Back 25

bacteria, foreign proteins and the remains of dead body cells.

Front 26

The immune system may be weakened by

Back 26

physical stress and emotional stress

Front 27

Allergies are hypersensitive (exaggerated) responses to antigens (allergens) in our environment
true or false

Back 27

true

Front 28

Allergic reactions can occur in many parts of the body

Back 28

nasal passages bronchi and skin

Front 29

The AIDS virus usually attacks ______ ___ ____ impairing the cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response opening the way for opportunistic infection

Back 29

helper T cells

Front 30

_____is a big white blood cell that can leave a capillary and move into tissue spaces to ingest microbes and debris. Also known as a big eater.

Back 30

Macrophage

Front 31

_____promote antigen elimination through several mechanisms which mark invaders and triggers mechanisms to neutralize or destroy invaders

Back 31

antibodies

Front 32

Antigens have specific regions where antibodies bind to them called

Back 32

antigenic determinants

Front 33

_____are white blood cells that spend most of their time in the lymphatic system and are responsible for acquired immune response.

Back 33

Lymphocytes