Exam 2 Preparation

Front 1

Primate Traits

Back 1

- Opposable Thumb

- Postorbital Enclosure

- Variation in Limb Usage

Front 2

Arboreal Adaptions found in Primates

Back 2

- Opposable Pollex (Thumbs)

- Opposable Hallux (Big Toe)

- Vertically Oriented Trunk

Front 3

Primate Dental Traits

Back 3

- High crested (Sharp teeth)

- Low crested (Flat teeth)

- Reduced number of teeth

- 2.1.2.3 or 2.1.3.3 Dental formula

Front 4

Unique Life History Traits for Primates

Back 4

- Relatively late ages at first reproduction

- Long lives

- Reduced reproductive effort

Front 5

Two main primate groups

Back 5

Strepsirhines and Haplorhines

Front 6

Strepsirhines Traits

Back 6

- Olfaction (smell) over vision

- Tapetum Lucidum (Night Vision)

- Tooth comb

Front 7

Haplorhines Traits

Back 7

- Vision over Olfaction (smell)

- No dental comb

- Elongated limbs

Front 8

Haplorhini Family Group

Back 8

- Tarsiers and Owl Monkeys

Front 9

Strepsirhines Family Group

Back 9

- Lemurs

- Lorises

- Galagos

Front 10

Hominoidea Family Group

Back 10

- Great Apes

- Humans

Front 11

Hylobatidae Family Group

Back 11

- Gibbons

- Saimangs

Front 12

Ponginae Family Group

Back 12

- Orangatans

Front 13

Gorillinae Family Group

Back 13

- Gorrilas

Front 14

Panini Family Group

Back 14

- Chimpanzees

- Bonobos

Front 15

Tarsiers Traits

Back 15

- Postorbital Plate

- Dental Formula 2.1.3.3

- Only eat insects

Front 16

Platyrhines Traits

Back 16

- Small body size

- Three premolars

- Arboreal

Front 17

Catarrhines Traits

Back 17

- Dietary diversity

- Bilophodont molars

- Cheek pouches

Front 18

Define Cercopithecoidea

Back 18

- Old world monkeys

Front 19

Define Hominoidea

Back 19

- Old World tailless anthropoid primates

Front 20

Hominoidea Traits

Back 20

- Y-5 molar pattern

- no tail

Front 21

What do male primates mostly compete for?

Back 21

- Female primates

Front 22

What do female primates mostly compete for?

Back 22

- Food resources

Front 23

What is sexual dimorphism?

Back 23

- Distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes. Means there is major competition among males. Does not exist among monogamous species

Front 24

What is infantacide?

Back 24

- Killing a child within a year of birth. Done mainly by male philopatry groups.

Front 25

Male Philopathy Traits

Back 25

- No male alliances

- Females leave group

- More competition

Front 26

Female Philopathy Traits

Back 26

- Female alliances

- Kin selection

- Males leave group

Front 27

What are the various primate social structures?

Back 27

- Polygynous

- Fission-Fusion

- Polyandrous

Front 28

Polygynous

Back 28

- One-male, multi female

Front 29

Fission-Fusion

Back 29

- Communities divided in to sub groups

Front 30

Polyandrous

Back 30

- One females, multi male.

Front 31

Aboreal Hypotesis

Back 31

- Primates began to live in trees to avoid competition on ground

Front 32

Visual Predation

Back 32

- Primates began to live nocturnally in order to avoid competition during the day

Front 33

Angiosperm Radiation Hypothesis

Back 33

- Primates began living in trees because of the lush amount of fruits available in them

Front 34

First True Primates

Back 34

- Carpolestes (65~55mya)