Anthro 1 Midterm 2

Front 1

Linnaeus

Back 1

Biological Classification System
Developed the taxonomic system we use today to classify all living organisms
God’s Glory
Great Chain of Being
Based on visual similarity

Front 2

taxonomy

Back 2

the classifying of living organisms

Front 3

taxon

Back 3

A name designating an organism or a group of organisms. In biological nomenclature according to Carl Linnaeus, a taxon is assigned a taxonomic rank and can be placed at a particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting evolutionary relationships

Front 4

vertebrates

Back 4

Internal skeleton
Vertebral column
Shielded nerve tissue
Brain
Bilateral symmetry

Front 5

bilateral symmetry

Back 5

Split down the middle, each side is identical to the opposite

Front 6

chordates

Back 6

Have the NOTOCHORD
Have gill slits at some point in life cycle

(two basic kinds, Invertebrates & Vertebrates)

Front 7

Strepsirrhini

Back 7

Primate suborder that includes the Lemurs, Lorises and Galagos (the prosimians)

Front 8

Prosimii

Back 8

.

Front 9

Haplorrhini

Back 9

Primate suborder that includes the tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

Front 10

Anthropoidea

Back 10

.

Front 11

Platyrrhini

Back 11

Nostrils well-separated
and side-pointing
2133 dental pattern

Front 12

Catyrrhini

Back 12

Nostrils close together
and downward pointing
2123 dental pattern

Front 13

Cercopithecoidea

Back 13

Primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in Africa and Asia

Front 14

Hominoidea
(hominoids)

Back 14

Superfamily

Front 15

Hominidae

Back 15

Human classification, FAMILY

Front 16

Homininae

Back 16

Human classification, SUBFAMILY

Front 17

Hominini

Back 17

Human classification, TRIBE

Front 18

Homo sapiens

Back 18

Human classification, Genus Species
HUMANS

Front 19

fossil

Back 19

material evidence of past life on this planet

Front 20

quadrupedal

Back 20

term to describe an animal that moves using four legs

Front 21

bipedalism

Back 21

term used for the use of two legs rather than four for locomotion

Front 22

brachiation

Back 22

Form of arboreal locomotion for primates when they swing from tree limb to tree limb using only their arms

Front 23

terrestrial

Back 23

An animal that lives on land/the ground (not arboreal or aquatic)

Front 24

arboreal

Back 24

Animal that lives all or a majority of its life in trees

Front 25

ethology

Back 25

The comparative study of many cultures

Front 26

grooming

Back 26

This is done by individuals in a group in order to clean/maintain each others' body or appearance, very social activity, can be used to strengthen bonds or resolve conflict, reinforce social structures, family links, and build relationships

Front 27

altruism

Back 27

Acting in a way that has a net loss of energy to the actor and a net benefit in energy to the reciever
(opposite of mutualism which benefits both parties)

Front 28

Roger Fouts

Back 28

He is co-director of the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute (CHCI) in Washington, and a professor of psychology at the Central Washington University. He is best known for his role in teaching Washoe the chimpanzee to communicate using sign language

Front 29

Washoe

Back 29

The chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to use a human language, that of American Sign Language

Front 30

Chimponauts

Back 30

Name given to the Chimpanzees used in place of astronauts to verify the safety and functioning ability of space crafts before humans did it.

Front 31

radiocarbon dating

Back 31

Used to estimate the age of organic remains from archaeological sites

Front 32

potassium-argon dating

Back 32

A radiometric dating method used in geochronology and archeology. It is based on measuring the products of the radioactive decay of potassium

Front 33

stratigraphy

Back 33

the study of the layering of the earth's sediments

Front 34

fluorine

Back 34

The chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9

Front 35

radiometric

Back 35

the measurement of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light

Front 36

half-life

Back 36

very often used to describe quantities undergoing exponential decay—for example radioactive decay

Front 37

relative dating

Back 37

Method of dating that provide us with assessments of a fossil's age relative to other fossils

Front 38

absolute dating

Back 38

the process of determining a specific date for an archaeological or palaeontological site or artifact

Front 39

femur

Back 39

The thigh bone.
In humans it is the longest and strongest bone

Front 40

foramen magnum

Back 40

The opening on the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

Front 41

2123 dental formula (pattern)

Back 41

Dental pattern formula:
2123

Front 42

pelvis

Back 42

Bone structure located at the base of the spine. In the human it is formed by the sacrum and the coccyx.

Front 43

taphonomy

Back 43

the study of a decaying organism over time

Front 44

petrified

Back 44

the process by which organic material is converted into stone or a similar substance without decaying

Front 45

Prototheria

Back 45

Taxonomic group, subclass within mammals, represented today by the platypus and several species of echidna

Front 46

Metatheria

Back 46

Grouping within the animal class, mammalia. (Marsupials)

Front 47

Eutheria

Back 47

Eutherians are a group of mammals consisting of placental mammals plus all extinct mammals that are more closely related to living placentals (such as humans) than to living marsupials (such as kangaroos).

Front 48

Mammals

Back 48

Animals characterized by traits that include:
effective internal temperature generation and regulation (presence of hair for warmth)
and mammary glands (which provide milk to suckle young)

Front 49

opposability

Back 49

The amount a digit (finger for example) can be used. Mainly a term used with primates describing their thumbs.

Front 50

prehensile

Back 50

the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding (the tail on monkeys for example)

Front 51

dominance hierarchy

Back 51

The formation of a group, it occurs in most social animal species, including primates who normally live in groups

Front 52

Pan troglodytes

Back 52

"Common" Chimpanzee

Front 53

Pan paniscus

Back 53

Bonobo

Front 54

Pan troglodytes

Back 54

"Common" Chimpanzee

Front 55

ischial callosities

Back 55

calloused pad on the rump of old world monkeys

Front 56

omnivorous

Back 56

Eating both plants and animals as their primary food source

Front 57

gluteus maximus

Back 57

Large fleshy part which makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks

Front 58

5-y molar \ sagittal crest

Back 58

the bones which anchor muscle to the lower jaw or mandible; with the increased surface area indicating a large muscle mass (a large one indicates a powerful bite)

Front 59

osteology

Back 59

the scientific study of bones

Front 60

epiphyseal union

Back 60

The union of the vertebral column, can be used to determine age in an individual based on how united the vertebra are

Front 61

supraorbital torus (ridge)

Back 61

The bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates. The size varies with different species of primates.

Front 62

sexual dimorphism

Back 62

Difference between the sexes of a species in body size or shape

Front 63

estrus

Back 63

Behavioral and physiological sexual receptivity

Front 64

binomial nomenclature

Back 64

the formal system of naming specific species (gives it the two part name)

Front 65

homiothermy

Back 65

Having the ability to generate and regulate internal body temperature

Front 66

heterodont

Back 66

refers to animals which possess more than a single tooth morphology.

Front 67

forensic anthropology

Back 67

the application of the science of physical anthropology and human osteology (the study of the human skeleton) in a legal setting

Front 68

Jane Goodall

Back 68

Messenger of Peace, primatologist, ethologist, and anthropologist. She is well-known for her 45-year study of chimpanzee social and family interactions in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, and for founding the Jane Goodall Institute

Front 69

Dian Fossey

Back 69

She was an American zoologist who completed an extended study of gorilla groups over a period of 18 years. She observed them daily for years in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by famous paleontologist Louis Leakey.

Her work is somewhat similar to Jane Goodall's work with chimpanzees

Front 70

steroscopic vision

Back 70

Binocular vision, can see (color and) can see/have depth perception. Both eyes on the front of the face

Front 71

Bonobo

Back 71

Pan paniscus

Front 72

Chordate

Back 72

group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates
They at some point in their life cycle had a notochord

Front 73

notochord

Back 73

a flexible, rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo

Front 74

Simiiformes

Back 74

The infraorder of primates to which humans belong (also called anthropoid primates)

Front 75

baboon

Back 75

Old world monkey with ischial callosities and live in troops

Front 76

macaque

Back 76

Old world monkey, most widespread

Front 77

troop

Back 77

A type of group in which (old world) monkeys (mainly) live

Front 78

band

Back 78

A term used for a social group in any environment

Front 79

community

Back 79

a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment