Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When does the history of psych start? |
Philosophers did it all… – Plato, Aristotle (~400-300 BC): Talked about reason, psyche, relationship between mind and body – Confucianism (~400 BC, China): school of thought emphasizing humans are teachable, attempting to codify societal standards and human behavior – Ancient Vedic texts (800-500 BC, India): Concepts of self, mind, body |
|
|
Bias in Freud’s autobiography |
Freud sometimes portrayed an image of himself as a martyr for a cause that was not accepted by the general medical and psychiatric establishment. However, he received prestigious professorship, had a thriving clinical practice, and was welcomed into prestigious academic circles, etc. |
|
|
True/False: Concepts of self, mind, and body were not explored until the 1600s when the word psychology was invented |
False |
|
|
What stage of the Kuhn cycle do theorists propose that psychology is in? |
Pre-science |
|
|
The first part of the word "psychology" comes from a Greek word meaning what? |
Breath, soul or spirit |
|
|
The last part of the word "psychology" comes from a Greek word meaning what? |
Logos - study of, words, reason |
|
|
Rene Descartes (1596-1650) |
“I think therefore I am” Introduced ideas of modern psychological thought |
|
|
Mechanism |
The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined and capable of explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry Cause --> effect The image of the universe as a great machine. |
|
|
Determinism |
The doctrine that every act is determined or caused by past events. |
|
|
Reductionism |
The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level (such as complex ideas) in terms of phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas). The workings of machines such as clocks could be understood by reducing them to their basic components. |
|
|
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) |
Was fascinated by clocks and automata as a boy, he was unusually intelligent and gifted with math, studied it on his own in adolescence. Developed a calculating machine, and his calculator imitated human mental functions. He called his machine “the difference engine”, and referred to himself as “the programmer” |
|
|
True/False: The general public in the era around the 1700s was fascinated by the concept of mechanism, creating elaborate automata. |
True |
|
|
Who offered the first definitive explanation of the “difference engine’ as well as its potential uses and philosophical implications? |
Ada Lovelace |
|
|
What important advice did Descartes realize in a dream? |
Math should be applied to all science to produce certain knowledge. |
|
|
Historiography |
The principles, methods, and philosophical issues of historical research. |
|
|
History of “modern psychology” |
• A lot of same questions asked since ancient times… • Methods of study changed toward empirical • Philosophy vs. science • Psychology is a very young science… |
|
|
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions |
Written by historian of science Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) • Periodic paradigm shifts • Psychology still has multiple competing schools of thought |
|
|
In what time period was the first PhD on a topic of psychology granted? |
1850-1900 |
|
|
True/False: Although the field of psychology has changed a lot since its founding, it has become stable in the last 25 years. |
False |
|
|
Multiple Choice: The phrase “the times make the man” most closely describes which approach to studying history? |
Naturalistic |
|
|
Structuralism |
E.B. Titchener’s system of psychology, which dealt with conscious experience as dependent on experiencing persons. |
|
|
Functionalism |
A system of psychology concerned with the mind as it is used in an organism’s adaptation to its environment. |
|
|
Behaviorism |
Watson’s science of behavior, which dealt solely with observable behavioral acts that could’ve described in objective terms. |
|
|
Gestalt psychology |
A system of psychology that focuses largely on learning and perception, suggesting that combining sensory elements produces new patterns with properties that did not exist in the individual elements. |
|
|
Psychoanalysis |
Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality and system of psychotherapy. |
|
|
Humanistic psychology |
A system of psychology that emphasizes the study of conscious experience and wholeness of human nature. |
|
|
Cognitive psychology |
A system of psychology that focuses on the process of knowing, on how the mind actively organizes experiences. |
|
|
What can we learn from studying the history of psychology? |
History has much to tell us about the world today, and by learning about the early developments in psychology, this can help us understand the nature of the field in the 21st century. |
|
|
True/False: The general public in the era around the 1700s was fascinated by the concept of mechanism, creating elaborate automata. |
True |
|
|
True/False: George Berkeley proposed that our perception does not provide us with precise knowledge of the world. |
True |
|
|
True/False: Comte believed that psychology would be the pinnacle of scientific understanding, built upon lower sciences. |
True |
|
|
Multiple Choice: Which term has these two definitions, 1) the pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature, and 2) the attribution of all knowledge to experience? |
Empiricism |
|
|
Zeitgeist |
The intellectual and cultural climate or spirit of the times. |
|
|
Personalistic theory |
The view that progress and change in scientific history are attributable to the ideas of unique individuals. |
|
|
Naturalistic theory |
The view that progress and change in scientific history are attributable to the Zeitgeist, which makes a culture receptive to some ideas but not to others. |
|
|
Empiricism |
The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the attribution of all knowledge to experience. |
|
|
Mind-body problem |
The question of the distinction between mental and physical qualities. |
