Exact Questions From The Third Test

Front 1

Which of these statements about language development does research evidence suggest is false?

A.Parents’ verbal responsiveness influences the rate of infants’ language acquisition.
B.Infants under six months old can usually distinguish more phonemes than one-year-olds.

C.Effective grammar usage tends not to appear until about age 9 (after several years of formal schooling).
D.Noam Chomsky’s theory of language development fits well in the nativist tradition.

Back 1

Effective grammar usage tends not to appear until about age 9 (after several years of formal schooling).

Front 2

The foot-in-the-door technique of gaining compliance relies on the principle of ...

Back 2

cognitive dissonance

Front 3

Which of the following influences has not been suggested to contribute to secure attachment for children?

A.type of day care

B.number of sisters
C.sleeping arrangements
D.genetic factors

Back 3

number of sisters

Front 4

What environmental factor was highlighted in your text as correlated with greater adolescent promiscuity and earlier onset of puberty for girls?

Back 4

Absence of a caring father at home.

Front 5

In experiments described in your text, people who met initially on the Internet ______________________ than people who initially met face-to-face.

Back 5

liked each other more

Front 6

You receive a notice from city government summarizing decisions made regarding the upcoming renovation of a downtown shopping area. According to the elaboration likelihood model, in which of the following circumstances would you be most likely to read and think logically about the contents of the notice?

A.You like the mayor and, in general, the city's policies regarding growth.

B.The arguments supporting the decisions are from expert consultants hired by the city.


C.You work in a department store that is considering relocating downtown.

D.The arguments for the renovation are clear and very persuasive.

Back 6

You work in a department store that is considering relocating downtown.

Front 7

Research shows which of the following areas to be the one with the smallest difference between the interests or abilities of women and men?

Back 7

investigative work

Front 8

When subjects in Asch's conformity study wrote their answers down privately rather than announcing them publicly, the likelihood of agreement with the confederates' wrong answers was ...

Back 8

reduced

Front 9

Upon realizing that you have hurt or disappointed someone you truly care about, your emotional response will usually be one of _____, which encourages you to _____ the relationship.

Back 9

guilt; repair

Front 10

Cohen and Greene have identified the anterior cingulate as highly active during what kind of mental situations?

Back 10

When rational and emotional motivations are in conflict.

Front 11

What activity was shown [in a homework video] to increase the creation of new neurons in mouse brains?

Back 11

running

Front 12

What psychological principle was demonstrated by results of the 1967 study of college students' evaluations of the true attitudes of students who, either with or without free choice, wrote essays either favorable or unfavorable toward Fidel Castro's policies?

Back 12

person bias

Front 13

Which of the following is NOT one that 12-year-old children with autism perform relatively more poorly than normal 4-year-old children?

A.false-picture tests

B.prolonged eye contact
C.false-belief tests
D.repetitive actions

Back 13

false-picture tests

Front 14

According to Tim Salthouse, which of the following tends to increase across adulthood?

A.fluid intelligence

B.crystallized intelligence
C.mental speed
D.working memory capacity

Back 14

crystallized intelligence

Front 15

According to Asch’s classic studies, which of these conditions is sufficient to significantly reduce conformity in a group?

Back 15

a single dissenter

Front 16

Which of these theorists is most associated with the idea of children are like “little scientists” as they learn by acting on objects in the environment?

Back 16

Piaget

Front 17

Findings from the Milgram studies suggested that all of the following factors contributed to obedience on the part of the original research subjects EXCEPT the:

A.proximity of the experimenter to the subject ("teacher").

B.location of the experiment in a university laboratory.

C.physical attractiveness of the "learner."
D.distance of the "teacher" from the "learner."

Back 17

physical attractiveness of the "learner"

Front 18

Adolescents' difficulty in accurately recognizing others’ emotions is related to immaturity in which brain structure?

Back 18

frontal lobe

Front 19

The strange-situation test developed by Mary Ainsworth is used to assess ...

Back 19

infant attachment

Front 20

More than younger people, older people show better memory for ________ stimuli than for __________ stimuli.

Back 20

positive; negative

Front 21

People are more likely to decide on a risky plan of action when they are thinking about ...

Back 21

what they have to lose

Front 22

Which of the following types of parenting has been associated with the best outcomes for children according to Baumrind?

Back 22

authoritative

Front 23

Experiments with 1-month-olds have shown they will stare more at one of these pacifiers than the other, depending on which one they'd had in their mouth. These findings were revolutionary--especially relative to Piaget's beliefs--because they show that very young infants...

Back 23

have mental representations even of objects they haven't seen

Front 24

James Flynn’s studies of IQ scores around the world over the last 60 years has demonstrated that…

Back 24

both crystallized and fluid intelligence have increased, but fluid more so

Front 25

If there is high heritability for a trait within groups, heritability across groups

A.must be at least moderate but need not be high.
B.must be high.

C.can still be zero.
D.cannot be zero.

Back 25

can still be zero

Front 26

A 30 year-old person who a year ago suffered brain damage resulting in anterograde amnesia would probably have the most difficulty with which of these tasks?

A.recalling facts from a conversation with you 15 minutes earlier.

B.successfully completing word-stems for words studied 15 minutes earlier.
C.remembering the name of their first grade teacher.
D.learning how to solve a jigsaw puzzle.

Back 26

successfully completing word-stems for words studied 15 minutes earlier.

Front 27

According to Maslow's theory of a hierarchy of human needs, which of these is at the top?

A.

belongingness and love needs

B.

esteem needs

C.

safety needs

D.self-actualization needs
E.physiological needs

Back 27

safety needs

Front 28

Where did the pioneering psychologist Gordon Allport begin his work to clarify our perceptions of different personality traits?

Back 28

a dictionary

Front 29

The case of Genie, the girl who was abused and virtually deprived of language until age 13, provides evidence that

Back 29

childhood is a critical period for the development of grammar

Front 30

The term heritability refers to the proportion of:

Back 30

the variability in some characteristic in a group that is due to genetic differences among them

Front 31

Indicate the classic one word label for each of the "Big 5" personality traits

Back 31

openness , conscientiousness , extroversion , agreeability , and neuroticism .

Front 32

Define "group polarization," then name and briefly explain its two major causes

Back 32

Group polarization is the tendency for the decision or stance of a group on some issue--when the group is imbalanced concerning the issue from the start--to become more extreme than the initial average of the members' attitudes. The two main causes are informational and normative social influences. Informational because people tend to hear more arguments from the people on the more weighted side, so they get a potentially skewed view of the facts; Normative because people want to get along, want to be perceived as good group members, so they have incentive not to be on the weak end of a group with a dominant attitude. So they are motivated, whether consciously or unconsciously, to move their opinion in the direction of the group and even to situate themselves comfortably above the middle.

Front 33

Which "Big 5" personality trait has been found to correlate positively with intelligence?

Back 33

openness?????

Front 34

Name any two of Gottman's "Four Horses of the Apocalypse" that signal dysfunctional conflict resolution in a relationship.

Back 34

-contempt

-criticism (of the person, not the situation)

-defensiveness

-stonewalling

Front 35

A more descriptive name for the Pygmalion effect is the ____________________ effect.

Back 35

self-fulfilling prophesy

Front 36

The mental processes that operate to reduce one's consciousness of thoughts that would threaten one's self-esteem or in other ways provoke a strong sense of insecurity or anxiety are called _____________________ .

Back 36

defense mechanisms

Front 37

What difference in parenting behavior between professional class, working class, and unemployed parents did Nisbett et al. speculate may be a factor in this IQ relationship?

Back 37

Professional class parents say the most words to their children daily and the unemployed class parents say the least amount of words to their children daily.

Professional: 6 encouragements - 1 reprimation
Working: 2 encouragements - 1 reprimation
Unemployed: 1 encouragement - 2 reprimation

Front 38

Name and briefly explain the basic strategy that reduced conflict between the two groups of boys in Sherif's classic "Robbers Cave" study?

Back 38

Introducing a goal that was desired by both groups and was best achieved if they worked together: a superordinate goal.

Front 39

Vygotsky would have thought this nicely illustrates what he termed the _______________ , the span of accomplishment from what a child can do on her or his own to what can be accomplished with support from a more competent partner

Back 39

Zone of proximal development

Front 40

In Piagetian theory, the process by which experiences are incorporated into existing schemes is called ___________ and _____________ is the term for when schemes need to be expanded or revised.

Back 40

assimilation; accomodation

Front 41

Hagemann et al. (2008) studied the behavior of taekwondo referees by having them score the competitors shown in many short video-clips. What was their main finding with relevance to taekwondo competitions, and what is the larger implication with relevance to the performance judgments made by experts, generally?

Back 41

They found that referees awarded more points to competitors wearing red protective gear compared to those wearing blue. This is evidence of an implicit bias; the referees were not aware of it. The larger implication is that we cannot assume that experts judging performance in a given field cannot be influenced by implicit biases that have nothing to do with quality of performance.

Front 42

_____________ provides a mathematical means to identify an efficient, nonredundant set of personality traits based on correlations among larger sets of traits.

Back 42

factor analysis

Front 43

Noam Chomsky coined the term ___________________ to represent the innate mental mechanisms that predispose children to develop language.

Back 43

LAD (language acquisition device)