Ethics 1St Prelims

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which means way of living (how people conduct theirs lives), Inquiry to a certain standard. Sizing potential as free persons.

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Ethics

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which means way of living ( how people conduct theirs lives)

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ETHOS

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What separates us to other beings.

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1. Ability to think ( Rational Thinking )

2. Freedom

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Three Types of Freedom:

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Physical Freedom

Psychological Freedom

Moral Freedom

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not having physical restrains

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Physical Freedom

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freedom of choice taken from emotions

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Psychological Freedom

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using freedom to upholds human dignity and morals

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Moral Freedom

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a person who discerns what is right and wrong and who holds accountability for his/her actions

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Moral Agent

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choice made based on a person's ethics, morals what he/she believes is a moral behavior

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Moral decision

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Types of Choices:

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Intellectual

Practical

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(Type of choices) ???

moral stand point (normative answers or behaviors) and expected from the societal standards

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Intellectual

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(Types of Choices) ???

made when confronted with the actual situation emotional and psychological aspect

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Practical

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- code of system of behavior ( belief ) personal, religion, culture.

- these beliefs guide our actions and define out values.

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Morality

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Major Types of Ethics:

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Normative

Descriptive

Meta - Ethics

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Major Types of Ethics

concerned with developing system of morality, what is right and wrong. Recommend, Prescriptive Ethics.

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Normative

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Major Types of Ethics

deal/w describing and understand a moral behavior. Comparative ethic, what do people think.

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Descriptive

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Major Types of Ethics

analytic philosophy, it looks into the concept of ethics itself not on the moral behavior.

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Meta - Ethics

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situation whereby moral agents are confronted with two conflicting options neither of which resolves the issue in a morally acceptable norms.

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Moral Dilemma

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3 conditions that must be present in a moral delimma:

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- the agent is obliged to make a decision

- there must be courses of choices to choose from

- whatever choice some moral principles will be compromised/consequences

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the capacity to act or not to act, to think or not to think, to choose or not to choose, without any restraint

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Freedom

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within the totality of an individual

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Intrinsic

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Man is born ____ and everywhere is in ______

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free, chains

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no form of hindrance that would prevent a person from doing what he/she desires. (no limitations)

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Absolute Freedom

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(comes from negative actions)

- Refers to the absence of interference (you can do whatever you want)

-Failure to use freedom in a responsible manner

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Negative Freedom

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(comes from positive actions)

-requires active (effort), control, and mastery of what is good

-exercising freedom in a responsible manner

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Positive Freedom

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Three postions of freedom:

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-Jean Paul Sartre (absolute freedom)

-B.F. Skinner (absolute determinism)

-Maurice Merlean Ponty (combination of absolute freedom and determinism)

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(Three positions of freedom)

- Man is absolutely free

- Absolute Freedom

- Existentialism (true existence of man is made based on his/her own choices)

- Doesnt believe in God

- Doesnt believe in future or past (only exisitng)

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Jean Paul Sartre (absolute freedom)

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(Three positions of freedom)

- Man is absolutely determined

- man is predictable, manipulable

- portrays a human as a machine

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B.F. Skinner (absolute determinism)

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(Three positions of freedom)

- Man is situated

- combination

- freedom and there are determined things about a person

- the world acted upon us (determinism) and us acted upon the world (freedom)

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Maurice Merlean Ponty (combination of absolute freedom and determinism)

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highest of all values, belief in God (sarili at ang diyos)

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HOLY

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value of justice, value of full cognition of truth, value of the mind, meaning and purpose

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SPIRITUAL

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satisfaction, gratifies you, sexual feelings

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PLEASURE

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needs, necessity

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VITAL

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Scheler's Hierarchy of Values:

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1. Holy

2. Spiritual

3. Vital

4. Pleasure

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Basic foundation which serves as a basis or reference for all other choices

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Fundamental Option

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-refers to ones own disposition, stand or takes

-means, ways, methods in achieving your fundamental option

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Fundamental Stance