Epidemiology 3 & 4

Front 1

Discrete

Back 1

Having a fixed number of values

ex: martial status, blood type

Front 2

nominal

Back 2

Data which fall into mutually exclusive categories (discrete) for which there is no natural order (favorite color)

Front 3

Ordinal

Back 3

Data which fall into mutually exclusive categories (discrete) which have a rank or graded order

Front 4

Interval

Back 4

Data measured by standard units, the scare measures how much in equal measures

Front 5

Ratio

Back 5

Data which are measured in standard units, where a true zero represents total absence of that unit

Front 6

Counts

Back 6

The simplest and most frequent performed quantitative measure in epic. Refers to the number of cases of a disease or other health phenomenon being studied

Front 7

Incidence

Back 7

estaminets the risk of developing the disease

Front 8

Prevalence

Back 8

Describes the burden of illness in a population

Front 9

Scientific Method

Back 9

1. Define a problem

2. Make a hypothesis

3. Statistical Testing

4. Interpretation of Results

5. Communication of the information

Front 10

Study Design

Back 10

The program that directs the researcher along the path of systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data

Front 11

Objectives of Descriptive Epidemiology

Back 11

1. To evaluate and compare trends in health and disease

2. To provide the basis for planning, provision, and evolution of health services

3. To identify problems for analytical studies (creation of hypothesis)

Front 12

Ecological Study

Back 12

Involves aggregated data on population level and observes whether the overall occurrence of disease in population correlates with the occurrence of exposure

Front 13

Ecological comparison study

Back 13

Examines exposure rates and disease rates among different groups over the same time period

Front 14

Ecologic trend study

Back 14

Same population over time. Examines changes in exposure and changes in disease within same community

Front 15

Case Report

Back 15

Involves a profile of a single individual

Front 16

Case Series

Back 16

Involves a small group of patient diagnosis

Front 17

Cross Sectional Survey

Back 17

Conducted over a short period of time (usually weeks) and the unit analysis is the individual. There is no follow up period

Front 18

Serial Surveys

Back 18

Cross sectional surveys that are routinely conducted

ex: U.S Census

Front 19

woman

Back 19

CHD is the leading cause of mortality and often women often have higher rates of diabetes and hypertension. Generally morbidity rates for acute and chronic conditions higher, and mortality rates lower

Front 20

African Americans

Back 20

Highest mortality rates, higher blood pressure

Front 21

Native American / Alaskan Natives

Back 21

Tobacco higher among this group than any other race group

Front 22

Asians

Back 22

Japs demonstrated lower mortality rates. TB rates highest among Asian/Pacific Islander group

Front 23

Acculturation Hypothesis

Back 23

Modifications that individuals or groups undergo when they come in contact from another country. Highlights environmental and behavioral factors on chronic disease

Front 24

Social Causation

Back 24

Conditions associated with lower social class produce poor health

Front 25

Social Selection Theory

Back 25

Persons with poor health move to impoverished areas

Front 26

Passive Surveillance

Back 26

Healthcare providers submit disease reports to public health authorities

Front 27

Active SUrveillance

Back 27

Public Health authorities undertake regular, periodic collection of health data

Front 28

Sentinel Surveillance

Back 28

An unexpected or untimely health event whose occurrence is a warning sign.