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175 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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What regulation (and what start date) requires all persons be certified in proper refrigerant handling techniques?
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Section 608 of the Federal Clean Act as of November 14, 1994.
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Section 608 of the Federal Clean Air Act applies to who?
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all persons who maintain, service, repair, or dispose of appliances that contain regulated refrigerants
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What are the four categories of technician certification
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Type I, Type II, Type III, and Universal
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Type I technicians are certified to
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maintain, service, or repair small appliances
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Type II technicians are certified to
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maintain, service, repair or dispose of high or very high pressure appliances (not small or motor vehicle)
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Type III technicians are certified to
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maintain, service, repair, or dispose of low-pressure appliances
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Universal technicians are certified to
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maintain, service or repair both low and high pressure equipment as well as small appliances
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The test contains ------ sections including ------. Each section contains ------ multiple choice questions
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4
A, I, II, III 25 |
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A technician must achieve a minimum passing score of ------ in each group to be certified
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70%, or 18 out of 25
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If a technician fails one or more of the test sections on the first try, they may
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retake the failed section(s) without retaking the section(s) on which they passed. (one exception)
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If the technician passes the core and only one section of a test. They are certified for
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the section passed and can retake the failed sections to gain further certification
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To receive any certification, which section must be passed?
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Section A (core)
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Section A of the test covers what topics?
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stratospheric ozone depletion, Clean Air Act, Montreal Protocol, refrigerant handling, substitute refrigerants and oils, recovery techniques...
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dehydration, recovery cylinders, safety, and shipping
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Section I of the test covers what topics?
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topics pertaining to small appliances
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Section II of the test covers what topics?
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topics pertaining to high-pressure appliances
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Section III of the test covers what topics?
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topics pertaining to low-pressure appliances
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This is a closed book exam. What items may be brought with you to take the test?
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A temperature/pressure chart and a calculator
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What type of personal information must be presented when you take the exam?
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Picture ID
Social Security Number Home address |
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In the vapor/compression refrigeration cycle, liquid refrigerant at a ----- is delivered to a metering device
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high pressure
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The metering device causes a reduction in pressure, and therefore
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a reduction in saturation temperature.
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When refrigerant travels to the evaporator, heat is absorbed in the evaporator and causes the
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refrigerant to boil from a liquid to a vapor.
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At the outlet of the evaporator, the refrigerant is now a
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low temperature, low pressure vapor.
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When the refrigerant vapor travels to the inlet of the compressor it is compressed and moves toward the ----- as a -----.
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condenser
high pressure, high temperature vapor |
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As the refrigerant expels heat in the condenser it is condensed into a -----.
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high pressure liquid
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Use of a reciever and accumulator depends on
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system design and/or on the type of metering device used.
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A system that uses a thermostatic expansion valve is usually equipped with a
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receiver, which would be located in the liquid line directly following the condenser
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A system that uses a capillary tube or fixed bore metering device is usually equipped with an
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accumulator, which would be located in the suction line directly following the evaporator
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What is one of the most important tools to the HVACR technician?
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The gauge manifold set
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The compound gauge is ------ in color. It measures -----?
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Blue
Low pressure (psig) and vacuum (inches Hg) |
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The high pressure gauge is ------ in color. It measures ------?
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Red
High side (discharge) pressure |
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The compound gauge and high pressure gauge are connected to the -----, which is then connected by hoses to ----- to measure system pressures.
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manifold
access ports |
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The manifold is equipped with a center port (usually yellow hose) that can be connected to (3) -----.
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a recovery device, evacuation vacuum pump, or charging device.
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EPA regulations require that hoses be equipped with
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low loss fittings that will minimize refrigerant loss when hoses are disconnected
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The introduction of ----- and ----- has dramatically changed our lifestyles.
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CFC's
HCFC's |
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Where is the greatest impact of ozone depletion felt?
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Stratosphere, far removed from the Earth's surface
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Depletion of Ozone in the stratosphere causes...
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crop loss, increase in eye diseases, skin cancer, reduced marine life, deforestation, increased ground level ozone
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----- have been found in air samples taken from the stratosphere.
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CFC's
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----- and -----, when released into the atmosphere deplete the Ozone layer
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CFC's
HCFC's |
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What element is the culprit in compounds that hurts the Ozone?
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chlorine
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When a chlorine atom meets with an Ozone molecule, it...
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takes one Oxygen atom from the Ozone.
This forms a compound called ----- and leaves a ------ |
Chlorine Monoxide (CIO) O2 molecule
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When Chlorine Monoxide collides with another Ozone molecule it releases it's -----
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Oxygen atom.
This forms two O2 molecules and leaves the chlorine free to ----- |
attack another Ozone molecule.
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A single Chlorine atom can destroy...
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100,000 Ozone molecules
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The subject of Ozone depletion has caused...
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great controversy
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Some believe that ------ found in the ----- comes from natural sources such as -----.
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chlorine
Stratosphere volcanic eruptions |
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Air samples taken over erupting volcanoes show that they contribute only a ------, as compared to ----.
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small amount of chlorine
CFC's |
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The rise of in the amount of Chlorine measured in the Stratosphere over the past ----- matches the ----
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two decades
rise in amount of Fluorine |
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Fluorine has different ----- than Chlorine
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natural sources
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The rise in the amount of Chlorine measured in Stratosphere over the past 20 years matches...
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the rise in CFC emissions over the same period.
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Other Chlorine compounds and naturally occuring chlorine will
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dissolve in water or break down into compounds that dissolve in water.
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CFC's will not dissolve or break down in water so they do not....
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rain out of the atmosphere.
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Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is a....
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measurement of CFC'S and HCFC's ability to destroy ozone.
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What compound has the highest ODP?
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CFC's
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What are the elements in CFC's?
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Chlorine Fluorine Carbon
Examples are... |
R-11, 12, 500
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What are the elements in HCFC's?
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Hydrogen Chlorine Fluorine Carbon
Examples are... |
R-22, 123
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What are the elements in HFC's?
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Hydrogen Fluorine Carbon
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R-134a
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HFC's do not contain ----- and have no ------.
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Chlorine
Ozone Depletion Potential |
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Which agency regulates section 608 of the Federal Clean Air Act?
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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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Failure to comply with the Clean Air Act could cost you and your company as much as
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$27,500 per day, per violation
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What is the bounty offered to lure competitors, customers and fellow workers to turn you in for Clean Air Act violation?
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$10,000
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Service technicians who violate Clean Air Act may be -----,-----,and may be required to -----.
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fined
lose their certification appear in Federal court |
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EPA may require technicians to ----- to properly perform ----- procedures.
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demonstrate the ability
recovery/recycling |
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Failure to demonstrate proper refrigerant handling procedures to the EPA if requested can result in...
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revocation of certification
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Violation. Falsify or fail to keep -----
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proper records
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Violation. Fail to reach required ----- rates and to ----- refrigerants prior to ----- or ----- of appliances.
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evacuation
recover opening disposing |
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Violation. Knowingly release refrigerants while -----, with the exception of -----.
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repairing appliances
de-minimus |
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Violation. Service, maintain, or dispose of ----- designed to contain ----- without being ------ as of -------.
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appliances
refrigerants appropriately certified November 14, 1994 |
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It is the responsibility of the ----- in the disposal chain to ensure that ----- has been removed from ---- before ----.
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final person'refrigerant
appliances scrapping |
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Violation. Vent CFC's or HCFC's since ----.
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July 1, 1992
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Violation. Vent HFC's since-----.
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November 15, 1995
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Violation. Fail to have an EPA approved -----. equipped with -----, and ----- the device with the EPA.
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recovery device
low loss fittings register |
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Violation. Add ---- to a fully charged system, for the purpose of -----, and thereby cause a -----.
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nitrogen
leak detection release of the mixture |
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Violation. Dispose of a ----- without first ----- any remaining refrigerant to ----- and then rendering the cylinder -----, then ----- the metal.
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disposable cylinder
recovering 0 psig useless recycling |
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In addition to EPA violations, some ---- and ----- government regulations may contain regulations that are ----- than Section 608.
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state
local strict or stricter |
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After several years of negotiations, a treaty regulating the production and use of (5) -----, entered into force in mid -----.
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CFCs, HCFC's, halons, methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride*
1989 |
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What was the name of the international agreement (treaty) that entered force in the 1989 to regulate ozone depleting substances?
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The Montreal Protocol
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The Montreal Protocol's landmark agreement initially required....
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a production and consumption freeze of ozone depleting substances.
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The Montreal Protocol called for a stepwise ----- and eventual production ----- of various Ozone Depleting Substances in -----.
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reduction
phase out developing countries |
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CFC's were phased out of production on -----.
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December 31, 1995
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HCFC's are schedule out of phase in ----.
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the future
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When virgin supplies of ----- are depleted, future supplies will come from (3) -----.
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CFC's
recovered, recycled, or reclaimed refrigerants |
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What are the three "R's"?
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Recover
Recycle Reclaim |
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The processes of recovery, recycling, and reclaiming sound similar, but they are...
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quite different.
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To recover is to...
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remove refrigerant in any condition from a system and store it in an external container.
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To recycle is to...
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clean refrigerant for reuse by separating the oil from the refrigerant and removing any moisture by passing it through one or more filter driers.
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To reclaim is to...
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process refrigerant to a level equal to new (virgin) product specifications as determined by chemical analysis.
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Reclaimed refrigerant must meet the standard set forth in ----- before it can be -----.
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ARI 700
resold |
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Refrigerant Recovery and/or Recycling equipment made after ----- must be certified and ----- by an EPA approved ----- to meet EPA standards.
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November 15, 1993
labeled equipment testing organization |
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What are the 2 basic types of recovery devices?
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System dependent
Self contained |
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What do they mean by "system dependent" when referring to a recovery device?
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the device captures refrigerant with the assistance of components in the appliance from which refrigerant is being recovered.
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What do they mean by "self-contained" when referring to a recovery device?
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the device has its own means to draw the refrigerant out of the appliance.
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As of -----, the sale of CFC and HCFC refrigerants is restricted to -----.
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November 14,1994
certified technicians |
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Only technicians certified under ----- are allowed to purchase refrigerants in containers smaller than -----.
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Clean Air Act Section 609 (Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning)*
20 lbs. |
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Our industry is in a state of change. New (3)----- have appeared in the field.
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refrigerants
blends of older refrigerants, and different oils |
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R-134A is a ----- and is considered -----.
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HFC
Ozone friendly |
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R-134A is the leading candidate for CFC ----- retrofit, but is not a -----.
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R-12
drop-in substitute |
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There is no drop-in substitute for -----, but ----- can be used in most of these systems if proper ----- are followed.
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CFC R-12
R-134A retrofil procedures |
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R-134A will not mix with most -----.
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refrigerant oils
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The oils used in most R-134A refrigeration systems are -----, and can not mix with other oils
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esters
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It is important to remember that when leak testing an R-134A system, use -----.
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pressurized nitrogen.
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Some refrigerant blends are called Ternary, which means they are a -----.
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three-part blend
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Ternary blends are used with a ------- lubricant.
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synthetic alkylbenzene
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Make certain you use the correct ----- for the refrigerant.
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oil
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Most refrigerant oils are -----, which has a high affinity for -----.
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hygroscopic
water |
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An ----- should be taken and ----- if a system has a major component failure.
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oil sample
analyzed |
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The components of a blended refrigerant will ----- from a system at ----- rates due to different vapor -----.
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leak
different pressures |
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The proper charging method for blended refrigerants is to ----- into the ----- side of the system as a -----.
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weigh
high liquid |
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Temperature glide refers to a refrigerant blend that has a range of...
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boiling points (throughout evaporator) or condensing points (throughout condenser).
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Some refrigerant blends are -----; they act like a single component refrigerant over its entire temp/press range.
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azeotropic
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Azeotrope does not have a -----.
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temperature glide
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Now that recovery is law, many contractors have increased their service rates to help...
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offset the cost of recovery equipment and recovery time.
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Some customers complain about the ------ of service
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increased cost
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To justify the cost increases of service to a customer, simply explain that ----- and required ---- to recover refrigerants in order to ----- and -----.
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you are bound
by law protect the environment human health |
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EPA regulations require a ----- or ----- on all appliances that use a Class I or II refrigerant in order to make it easier to recover refrigerant.
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service aperture
process stub |
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When servicing a system, if you discover that 2 or more refrigerants have been mixed in a system, you must...
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recover the mixture in a separate tank
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It is important not to mix different refrigerants in ----- because the mixture may be impossible to -----.
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the same recovery tank
reclaim |
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Recover only ---- type of refrigerant into a recovery cylinder.
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one
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If a strong odor is detected during the recovery process, a ----- has likely occured.
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compressor burn-out
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When recovering refrigerant from a system that has had a compressor burn-out, watch for...
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signs of contamination in the oil
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After recovering refrigerant, if nitrogen is used to flush debris out of the system, the nitrogen may be legally -----.
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vented.
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When replacing a compressor after a burn out has occurred, a ----- should be installed to trap any debris that may harm the new compressor.
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suction line filter drier
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The ----- of the hose between the unit being recovered and the recovery machine will greatly effect the ----- of the recovery process.
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length
efficiency |
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Long hoses will cause excessive -----, increased -----, and have a potential for -----.
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pressure drop
recovery time increased emissions |
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Since all refrigerants have a pressure temperature relationship, the lower the -----, the slower the -----.
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ambient temperature
recovery rate |
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After completing the transfer of liquid refrigerant between a recovery unit and a refrigeration system, you should guard against -----.
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trapping liquid refrigerant between the service valves
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In order to determine the general area of a leak use -----.
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an electronic or ultrasonic leak detector.
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Once the general area of the leak is located the use of ----- will pinpoint the leak.
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soap bubbles
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Proper dehydration procedures through ----- are important to follow.
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evacuation
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The reason for dehydrating a refrigeration system is to...
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remove water and water vapor.
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If moisture is allowed to remain in an operating refrigeration system, ----- and ----- may form
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hydrochloric
hydrofluoric acids |
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Evacuation of a system is the suggested method of -----.
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dehydration
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Is it possible to over evacuate a system?
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No
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Never evacuate a system to the ambient air without first following proper----- and attaining the mandated -----.
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recovery procedures
vacuum level. |
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The factors affecting the speed and efficiency of evacuation are (5)
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size of equipment evacuated,
ambient temperature, amount of moisture in system, size of the vacuum pump and suction line |
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(evacuation) Vacuum lines should be ----- or ----- than the pump intake connection
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equal to
larger |
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(evacuation) The piping connection to the pump should be as ----- a length as possible and as ----- in diameter as possible.
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short
large |
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(evacuation) The system vacuum gauge should be connected ----- from the vacuum pump.
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far as possible
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(evacuation) Measuring a systems vacuum should be done with the system ----- and the vacuum pump -----.
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isolated
turned off |
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A system that will not hold a vacuum probably has -----.
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a leak.
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During evacuation you may wish to ----- the refrigeration system to decrease dehydration time.
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heat
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Dehydration is complete when the vacuum gauge shows that you have ----- and ----- the required finished vacuum.
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reached
held |
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Recovery cylinders differ in many ways from -----.
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disposable cylinders
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Disposable cylinders are used only with ----- and may never be used for -----.
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virgin refrigerant
recovery |
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Recovery cylinders are specifically designed to -----.
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be refilled
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Recovery cylinders have two ports, one ----- and one -----.
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liquid
vapor |
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Care must be taken to not ----- or ----- recovery cylinders, or it may cause an explosion.
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overfill
heat |
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The EPA requires that a refillable refrigerant cylinder must not be filled above ----- of its capacity by weight.
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80%
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The safe filling level of a recovery cylinder can be controlled by either (3) -----.
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mechanical float devices, electronic shut off devices (thermistors), or weight.
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Refillable cylinders must be ----- tested and ----- stamped every ----- years.
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hydrostatically
date 5 |
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Refillable cylinders used for transporting recovered pressurized refrigerant must be ----- approved.
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DOT (Department of Transportation)
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Approved refrigerant recovery cylinders can easily be identified by ----- which are ----- and -----.
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their colors
yellow tops gray bodies |
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All refrigerant recovery cylinders should be inspected for -----.
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rust
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If recovery cylinders show signs of rust or appear to not be secure they should be...
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reduced to 0 psig and discarded
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The EPA is not only concerned with the prevention of refrigerant venting, but is also concerned with...
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technicians overall safety
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When handling and filling refrigerant cylinders, or operating recovery or recycling equipment, you should (3) -----
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wear safety glasses, protective gloves, and follow all equipment manufacturers safety precautions.
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When pressurizing a system with nitrogen, you should always charge through a ----- and insert a ----- in the downstream line from the pressure regulator
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pressure regulator
relief valve |
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Should relief valves be installed in series?
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Never
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If corrosion build-up is found within the body of a relief valve, the valve must -----.
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be replaced
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When leak checking a system, is it ok to pressurize the system with oxygen or compressed air?
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Never is that ok
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When mixed with refrigerants, oxygen or compressed air can cause an -----.
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explosion
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To determine the safe pressure for leak testing, check the ----- for the ----- test pressure value.
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data plate
low-side |
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When using recovery cylinders and equipment with Schrader valves, it is critical to inspect the Schrader valve core for (3) -----.
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leaks, bends and breakage
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Replace damaged valve cores to prevent -----, and always cap Schrader ----- to prevent accidental depression of the valve core
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leakage
ports |
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Is it ok to heat a refrigerant cylinder with an open flame?
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No
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Is it ok to cut or braze refrigerant lines on a charged unit?
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no
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What is required in the event of a "large" release of refrigerant in a confined area?
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Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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What should you do if a large leak of refrigerant occurs in an enclosed area, and SCBA is not available?
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Immediately vacate and ventilate the area
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Why in large quantities, do refrigerants cause suffocation?
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Because they are heavier than air and displace oxygen
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What can happen if refrigerant vapors or mist is inhaled? (3)
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Heart irregularities, unconsciousness, and oxygen deprivation that can lead to death (asphyxia)
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Never expose R-12 or R-22 to open flames or -----.
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glowing hot metal surfaces.
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At high temperatures R-12 and R-22 decompose to form (3) -----.
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Hydrochloric acid,
Hydrofluoric acid, and Phosgene gas |
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Always review the -----, when working with any solvents, chemicals, or refrigerants
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material safety data sheets
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Before shipping any used refrigerant cylinders, check that the cylinder -----, complete the ----- including the # of -----, and properly label it with ----- of refrigerant.
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meets DOT standards
paperwork cylinders of each refrigerant the type and amount |
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Cylinders should be transported in an ----- position
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upright
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Each cylinder must be marked with a ----- indicating it is a -----.
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DOT classification tag
2.2 non-flammable gas |
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Some states may require special ----- to be followed based on their classification of used refrigerants.
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shipping procedures
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