Envirothon Forestry 3

Front 1

What are four factors that affect plant growth in forest soils?

Back 1

Topsoil depth, soil texture, limiting layers, drainage

Front 2

What is topsoil depth?

Back 2

topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, affects amount of tree growth per year

Front 3

What is soil texture?

Back 3

Refers to the amount of sand, silt, and clay that the soil contains

Front 4

What's a limiting layer?

Back 4

layer that stops the roots of trees from extending downward further

Front 5

What are limiting factors?

Back 5

Things that limit the growth of living organisms within an ecosystem such as amount of precipitation, available sunlight, nutrients, spacing of trees, and number of organisms living in forest

Front 6

What is an even-aged stand?

Back 6

A stand of trees that varies little in age

Front 7

What is the seedling stage?

Back 7

from seed to 5-15 yrs, the beginning of the closing of a stand

Front 8

What is the sapling stage?

Back 8

From the closing of a stand to death of lower limbs and crowns well above the ground

Front 9

What is the pole stage?

Back 9

From sapling stage to limb clearing of most of the trunk and decline in height growth

Front 10

What is the young timber stage?

Back 10

from time of slowed height growth to full height growth

Front 11

What is the mature timber stage?

Back 11

From time of complete height growth to beginning of decline in quality and volume

Front 12

What is an over mature timber stage?

Back 12

from start of deterioration of the stand

Front 13

What are dominant crowns?

Back 13

crowns of larger trees, forming upper level of the canopy and receiving light from above and partially from the sides (emergent)

Front 14

What are co-dominant crowns?

Back 14

medium sized crowns that form the general crown cover or canopy and receive sunlight from above

Front 15

What are intermediate crowns?

Back 15

Small-crowned, shorter trees with crowns that just reach into the general canopy and receive little direct sunlight (understory)

Front 16

What are overtopped crowns?

Back 16

Small trees with crowns below the canopy, receiving no direct sunlight (oppressed or suppressed)

Front 17

What are isolated crowns?

Back 17

trees growing in the open with little or no competition

Front 18

What is vertical stratification?

Back 18

a forest containing trees of different sizes, different species, and in different layers of crown classification

Front 19

What is the lowest layer of the forest ecosystem?

Back 19

Forest floor

Front 20

What is the second layer in the forest ecosystem?

Back 20

understory

Front 21

What is the top layer of the forest ecosystem?

Back 21

Leaf canopy

Front 22

What are two types of forests?

Back 22

coniferous and deciduous, or softwood and hardwood

Front 23

What are conifers?

Back 23

gymnosperms, or plants that have naked seeds, not protected by a fruit

Front 24

What are deciduous trees?

Back 24

Angiosperms, or flowering plants. have flowers and enclose seeds in protective fruits

Front 25

What are evergreen trees with needle-like or scale-like leaves, mostly bearing seed cones?

Back 25

conifers

Front 26

What percentage of trees in NC are coniferous?

Back 26

33%

Front 27

What are trees with broad leaves that they lose during one season of the year, usuall autumn?

Back 27

deciduous (hardwoods)

Front 28

What percentage of NC forests are hardwoods?

Back 28

53%

Front 29

How are old growth forests important?

Back 29

provide unique homes to wide variety of wildlife species, often endangered

Front 30

What percentage of NC forests do mixed stands or multi-stands make up?

Back 30

14%

Front 31

What is the limiting factor that determines how high a tree can grow?

Back 31

gravity