English Midterm Review Guide

Front 1

character in the crucible:
john proctor

Back 1

main guy; has an affair with annie; string conscious that does not let him rest

Front 2

character in the crucible:
annie putnam

Back 2

lover to Proctor in the past; wanted Elizabeth out of the way so called her a witch; runs away when things get bad for her

Front 3

character in the crucible:
elizabeth proctor

Back 3

wife to him; will not judge him

Front 4

character in the crucible:
reverend hale

Back 4

reverend guy who is just there to help out at 1st to get confess them; later tries to save Proctor when he sees how insane the trials are

Front 5

character in the crucible:
judge hawthorne

Back 5

judge

Front 6

character in the crucible:
danforth

Back 6

judge in book; did not want to postpone the hangings because then he would bad for hanging the others before

Front 7

character in the crucible:
the nurses

Back 7

old respectable people who get accused anyways

Front 8

character in the crucible:
the putnams

Back 8

greedy family who points out witches to get land; started it all

Front 9

character in the crucible:
parris

Back 9

father figure to Abigail; wanted to have Proctor killed at 1st but then changes mind because then he would look bad if he were the father fig of Abigail the witch

Front 10

character in the crucible:
giles

Back 10

man who was stoned for not wanting to give the names of his “reliable sources”

Front 11

how proctor transforms through story

Back 11

In the beginning he is a person with a heavy conscience and strict follower of the puritan law and religion. He does not let his past sin go and he bears in mind always as a punishment for himself. He is later forced to confess and at first decides he will because he feels that if he hangs it would be a lie because he does not feel like a martyr. He confesses but does not sign and tears it up because he feels he at least deserves his name.

Front 12

proctor as a tragic hero

Back 12

He does not let go of what he did in the past; lets that get to him and haunt him

Front 13

puritan belief/ lifestyle

Back 13

Strict followers of rules and no pleasure time ever/ Preoccupied with God’s grace and the state of each person’s faith/ Believed that God only gave grace to some people and had to feel it and live it/ Preoccupation reflected in sermons/ literature/ etc

Front 14

role of religion in society

Back 14

controlled their life; dictated what the could do and could not do/ sin was not good/ allowed them to live very boring life

Front 15

connections to miller's life

Back 15

McCarthy Trials/ Senator McCarthy/ 1950’s/ fear of communism; abuse of power/ being charged-enough to ruin one’s reputation

Front 16

miller's observation on puritan society

Back 16

Humans can be dumb in letting pre-damnation and insignificant and contagious stuff like that get to them

Front 17

characteristics of:
colonial

Back 17

Talked a lot about God and how we are all screwed in the beginning and have to hope we get grace; depressing

Front 18

characteristics of:
revolution

Back 18

Idea of straying from authority; ok to be different; freedom of thought/ speech/ individuality/ Rational thought; thinking not praying/ Accepting of others; discovering truth on own

Front 19

characteristics of:
romanticism

Back 19

Focus on emotion and individual/ Writers emphasized intuition over reason/ Belief that imagination could allow people to see the inner, infinite reality/ Romantic writers less concerned with social reform and more concentrated with expressing themselves in an imaginative way to share with the world

Front 20

characteristics of:
transcendentalism

Back 20

Belief that in order to understand the meaning of life, God or nay other important matter, one must go beyond everyday experiences/ INTUITION IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FOR DISCOVERING

Front 21

transcendental philosophy

Back 21

they were, in broad sense, idealists/ believed in human perfectibility, and worked to achieve this goal/ believed that everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the divine soul/ physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to the spiritual world/ self reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to custom and tradition

Front 22

"upon a spider catching a fly"

Back 22

edward taylor/ colonial/ refers to the puritan belief that everybody is damned already and the only way to be saved is to pray for grace form God/ We will fall to hell if we fall to temptation/ Pick your fights

Front 23

autobiography

Back 23

benjamin franklin/ revolutionary/ Franklin was a good, righteous, moral, virtuous man/ Tried to be perfect; got too old

Front 24

"to a waterfowl"

Back 24

william cullen bryant/ Romantic attraction of mystery= how do birds find same place each year/ The point was that God can guide and protect people/ Waterfowl is the people, and God can guide and protect them

Front 25

"thanatopsis"

Back 25

william cullen bryant/ Romantic writing- theme being nature/ Talks about how after death go back to nature

Front 26

william cullen bryant

Back 26

wrote to waterfowl and thanatopsis/ Looked to nature as a reflection of the human spirit and to potential answers to humanity’s most searching questions about its own nature

Front 27

"song of myself"

Back 27

walt whitman/ romantic/ idea of coming from nature/idea of unity/ individual pride is evident/ equality/ stops and looks at grass/ the past; speaking from the heart/ room to grow/ potential/ size isn’t everything/ goes from introspective to talking about everybody/ naturally occurring things are just as great as man-made things/ nothing makes sense; but nature still good no matter what/ if you don’t understand no worries

Front 28

"the devil and tom walker"

Back 28

romantic/ other side of romanticism- gothic writing/ idea of leaving city/ mysterious

Front 29

washington irving

Back 29

Romantic/ mocks US culture/ borrows stories and fits them into US; ex: devil-> American idea/ irving stereotypes the people in US to make his character

Front 30

"the fall of the house of usher"

Back 30

edgar allen poe/ romantic/ a house belongs to a nice artsy family/ house appears to have a wall going into the lake/ main guy is scared the house is trying to kill him; fears fear/ he is also upset at seeing his sister dying/ creepy house; windows-> “vacant eyes”/ poem in story goes house use to be nice place but not no more/ Madeline (sister) dies and roderick tries locks her up in tomb so doctors don’t study her/ No clue saying he purposely locked her in/ In the end there is a step by step of what happens and sister appears and Roderick dies of terror; house dilapidates

Front 31

"the raven"

Back 31

edgar allen poe/ romantic/gothic/ relates to his writing style because the guy is talking to a bird about dead lover/ guy goes nuts

Front 32

"masque of red death"

Back 32

edgar allen poe/ romantic/ gothic/ death mysteriously appears / grey room is gothic; where all the dying happens/ time involved; time stopped when party was over/ can’t escape death even thought they tried

Front 33

" the pit and the pendulum"

Back 33

edgar allen poe/ romantic/ at 1st sick, imagines he is dying, loss of senses/ agony of suspense; investigates how agony can devastate humans human will to survive and what that can do and keep us alive/ nerves are unstrong; broken down and prepared for torture/ then he goes desperate and insane and longs for death but will to live wins/ in the end he goes omg im dying and wants to jump in cool pit/ peers in and sees (up to us)/ dying and then he is saved- comic relief

Front 34

edgar allen poe

Back 34

Romantic/ Gothic/ Most of his work is about the darker side of the human mind/ Likes to dwell in inexplicable things/ connections-twins feel the same/ mystery

Front 35

"nature"

Back 35

ralph waldo emerson/ transcendental big on the soul; what was it and what did it do when it was awakened/ it lets us see the world through new eyes/ he was anti-conformist; talks about not blindly following old traditions/ nature as a machine that tells us the design of the world and relates to us the relationship between nature and the mind/ nature and humans one; can have unimaginable understanding through nature

Front 36

"self reliance"

Back 36

emerson/ transcendental/ must have confidence, idealism, self-reliance, free thought and be for non-conformity and listen to nature

Front 37

ralph waldo emerson

Back 37

• Transcendental
• Nature
• Over soul

Front 38

"walden"

Back 38

thoreau/ transcendental/ nature is fascinating; better than city life; heaven can be found everywhere; we are no different than anything out in nature/ if you do not fall for conformity, and live your dream, you will meet success/ be contempt with where you are; accept your reality and don’t try to rush it/ as long as you have free thought, life cannot be boring

Front 39

themes in the scarlet letter

Back 39

• Being truthful can take a load off
• Women can fight

Front 40

Symbolism (the A)

Back 40

The internal punishment that comes with it/ Pearl/ Her mistakes in the past/ Her being an outcast

Front 41

Symbolism (light/ dark)

Back 41

[Purity/ Don’t have any hidden secrets]
[impurity/ still have secrets]

Front 42

symbolism (the forest)

Back 42

o Only place where you can be open
o No judgment place

Front 43

Symbolism (hester)

Back 43

• The will to fight
• The common person struggling to fight
• Women everywhere

Front 44

symbolism (pearl)

Back 44

truth

Front 45

Symbolism (Chillingworth)

Back 45

• Vengeance
• Evil
• lies

Front 46

Symbolism (Dimmesdale)

Back 46

• What happens when you hide a secret
• What you don’t wanna be

Front 47

Symbolism (the rosebush)

Back 47

• Nature
• Forgiveness
• What happens when you are forgiven

Front 48

Character development, Characterization
Hester

Back 48

o Starts out prideful
o A makes her lose her womanhood-> jaded and gloomy
o When she takes off the A turns back into full of life Hester
o Gets stronger

Front 49

Character development, Characterization
Dimmesdale

Back 49

o Starts off ok
o Gets weaker as secret chews him
o The life is sucked out of him
o When hope is mentioned he sparks up
o At the end finally is enlightened and fesses up

Front 50

Role of Puritan society; Hawthorne’s attitude toward society

Back 50

The old women are harsh and manly/ Young ones are soft, lenient and lady like/ They pressure everybody to be morally perfect/ Sin is not good at all; horrible/ Mock falsity

Front 51

setting

Back 51

boston/ 1950's

Front 52

Hawthorne’s beliefs about humanity

Back 52

• Women do not have shot in society
• In order for that to change, men have to change