English 12 Provincial

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active voice

Back 1

When the verb of a sentence is in the active voice, the subject is doing the acting, as in the sentence “Kevin hit the ball.” Kevin (the subject of the sentence) acts in relation to the ball

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allegory

Back 2

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

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alliteration

Back 3

the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

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allusion

Back 4

a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance from an external context. Also known as a reference.

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analogy

Back 5

a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification."works of art were seen as an analogy for works of nature"

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antagonist

Back 6

a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary.

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anti-climax

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a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events

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antithesis

Back 8

a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else."love is the antithesis of selfishness"

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argumentative essay

Back 9

a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner

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anecdotal evidence

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nonscientific observations or studies, which do not provide proof but may assist research efforts

This chapter provides anecdotal evidence from personal interviews, public hearings, and surveys.

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archaic language

Back 11

These words are no longer in everyday use or have lost a particular meaning in current usage but are sometimes used to impart an old-fashioned flavour to historical novels

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aside

Back 12

a remark or passage by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play.

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assonance

Back 13

in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible

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atmosphere

Back 14

the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art.

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ballad

Back 15

a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas

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ballad stanza

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a four-line stanza in iambic meter in which the first and third unrhymed lines have four metrical feet and the second and fourth rhyming lines have three metrical feet.

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blank verse

Back 17

verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter.

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cacophony

Back 18

a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.

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caricature

Back 19

make or give a comically or grotesquely exaggerated representation of (someone or something).

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case study

Back 20

a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

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catastrophy

Back 21

an event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering; a disaster.

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cause and effect

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the principle of causation.

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character foil

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a character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the othercharacter

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chorus

Back 24

a group of performers who comment on the main action, typically speaking and moving together.

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cliche

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a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought. could also be a stereotype

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climactic order

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the arrangement of details or ideas in order of increasing importance or force

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climax

Back 27

the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex

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collogquialism

Back 28

a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.

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colloquial language

Back 29

a variety of languagecommonly employed in conversation or other communication in informal situations.

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comic releif

Back 30

comic episodes in a dramatic or literary work that offset more serious sections.

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connotation

Back 31

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

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consonance (1)

Back 32

the repetition of consonant sounds before and after differing vowels, such as “flip-flop,” “feel-fill."

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consonance (2)

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the repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of words only, as in “east-west,” or “hid-bed.”

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couplet

Back 34

two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit.

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denotation

Back 35

the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. --> dictionary meaning --> no hidden message

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denouement

Back 36

the final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.

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dialect

Back 37

a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.

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dialogue

Back 38

conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie.

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diary

Back 39

a book in which one keeps a daily record of events and experiences.

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diction

Back 40

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

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didactic

Back 41

intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.

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dilemma

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a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones.

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direct presentation

Back 43

That method of characterization in which the author, by exposition or analysis, tells us directly what a character is like, or has someone else in the story do so

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dissonance

Back 44

a tension or clash resulting from the combination of two disharmonious or unsuitable elements."dissonance between campaign rhetoric and personal behavior"

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dramatic irony

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irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters

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dramatic monologue

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a poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events.

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dramatic form

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the way that the story is told, the way the characters play their parts, and/or the way the themes are explored. There are various dramatic forms, for example: mime. choral readings. commedia dell'arte (improvised theatre)

Front 48

dynamic character

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someone who undergoes an important, internal change because of the action in the plot

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editorial

Back 49

a newspaper article written by or on behalf of an editor that gives an opinion on a topical issue.

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elegy

Back 50

a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.

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emotional appeal

Back 51

logical fallacy, whereby a debater attempts to win an argument by trying to get an emotional reaction from the opponent and audience.

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epic

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a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.

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epilogue

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a section or speech at the end of a book or play that serves as a comment on or a conclusion to what has happened.

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epiphany

Back 54

a manifestation of a divine or supernatural being.

a moment of sudden revelation or insight.

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epigram

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a pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.

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epitaph

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a phrase or statement written in memory of a person who has died, especially as an inscription on a tombstone.

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euphemism

Back 57

a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

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euphony

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the quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through a harmonious combination of words.

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expert testimony

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An opinion given by a person highly educated in a topic.

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exposition

Back 60

a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.

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expository essay

Back 61

equires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner.

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extended metaphor

Back 62

when an author uses a metaphor, a comparison between two unlike subjects, throughout a long passage or even an entire poem.

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fable

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a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.

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farce

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a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situations.

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figurative language

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words or expressions with ameaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are.

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flat character

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two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work.

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foil

Back 67

prevent (something considered wrong or undesirable) from succeeding.

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frame story

Back 68

literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story

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hyperbole

Back 69

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

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iambic pentameter

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a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable, for example Two households, both alike in dignity.

Front 71

idiom

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an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usualmeanings of its constituent elements, as kick the bucket or hangone's head

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indirect presentation

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the writer presents the character in action, allowing the reader to draw his or her own conclusions about the personality of that character

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internal rhyme

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a rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next.

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irony

Back 74

the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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jargon

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special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

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juxtaposistion

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an act or instance of placing close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.

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limited omniscient point of veiw

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A narrator whose knowledge is limited to one character, either major or minor

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lyric

Back 78

expressing the writer's emotions, usually briefly and in stanzas or recognized forms.

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melodrama

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a sensational dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions.

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metaphor

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a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.“I had fallen through a trapdoor of depression,”

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metre

Back 81

the rhythm beneath the words in each line

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myth

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a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.

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objective (language, tone etc.)

Back 83

uninfluenced by personal feelings in representing facts

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objective point of view

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the writer tells what happens without stating more than can be inferred from the story's action and dialogue.

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octave

Back 85

a poem or stanza of eight lines; an octet

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ode

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a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter.

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omniscient point of view

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A narrator who knows everything about all the characters is all knowing

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paradox

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a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true.

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passive voice

Back 89

The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy)

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pastoral

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a work of literature portraying an idealized version of country life.

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pathos

Back 91

a quality that evokes pity or sadness.

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prologue

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a separate introductory section of a literary or musical work

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proverb

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a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of advice

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pun

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a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.

Front 95

quatrain

Back 95

a stanza of four lines, especially one having alternate rhymes.

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rhetorical question

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a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point rather than to elicit an answer.

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rhyme scheme

Back 97

the ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse

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round character

Back 98

are complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader

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sarcasm

Back 99

the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.

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satire

Back 100

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

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sestset

Back 101

any six lines of poetry

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simile

Back 102

a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ).

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soliloquy

Back 103

an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.

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sonnet

Back 104

a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.

Front 105

stream of consciousness

Back 105

a literary style in which a character's thoughts, feelings, and reactions are depicted in a continuous flow uninterrupted by objective description or conventional dialogue.

Front 106

statistical evidence

Back 106

statistics that support an observation.

Front 107

static character

Back 107

opposite of dynamic;static characters do not change. The personality of that character when he is introduced is the same personality when the story comes to a close.

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symbolism

Back 108

the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

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wit

Back 109

mental sharpness and inventiveness; keen intelligence