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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic info |
Energy for movement comes from the splitting of ATP ATP>ADP+P+Energy It is only the energy from ATP splitting that can be used by the muscles to allow them to contract |
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Problem |
Muscle cells contain only a small amount of stored ATP for immediate energy Only enough stored ATP for approx. 2-3 seconds worth of muscular contractions Must re-build ATP from ADP+P so we can break it down again, can do this using 3 systems with the energy produced in each one being used to re-build ATP |
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The predominant system at any one time depends upon: |
The intensity of the activity being done The duration it lasts for Whether or not there is time to use oxygen |
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3 energy systems |
ATP-PC system Lactic Acid system Aerobic system |
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More intense/ harder the activity: |
The greater the need for anaerobic energy systems as there isn’t enough time to use O2 |
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ATP-PC system (equation) |
Back (Definition) |
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ATP-PC system (basic info) |
ATP can be resynthesised quickly using this system When exercise is intense to resynthesise ATP it has to be done in the absence of O2 as demand is immediate & no time to use O2 Energy rich compound PC is broken down to release energy Energy is not for muscle contraction but for resynthesising ATP Used predominantly for intense muscular activity such as sprinting, throwing or jumping |
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ATP-PC system (facts) |
Breakdown on PC is accelerated by enzyme Creatine Kinase PC stores usually last 8-10 secs Once all PC broken down, will resynthesise within 3 mins of a recovery period |
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Lactic acid system (basic info) |
Once PC depleted, ATP has to be resynthesised using glycogen Glycogen (stored glucose) is stored in the muscles & liver Result of eating a diet high in Carbohydrates |
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Lactic Acid System (equation) |
Back (Definition) |
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The lactic acid system (facts) |
Breaking down of glucose=glycolysis No O2 present so Anaerobic Glycolysis Breakdown of glucose accelerated by enzyme PFK The conversion of pyrivic acid into lactic acid is accelerated by enzyme LDH Good at releasing energy quickly, but small yield of energy High intensity events eg 400m, 800m (10 secs-2mins) The point at which Lactic acid starts to accumulate in the blood is called OBLA |
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Aerobic system (basic info) |
Involves use of O2 3 mins for energy to be fully released Initial stages same as Lactic Acid system, however O2 is present so Pyruvic Acid doesn’t change into Lactic Acid |
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Aerobic system (equation) |
Back (Definition) |
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Aerobic system (facts) |
Fat & protein can be used as an energy source O2 present so pyruvic acid enters Krebs Cycle Krebs cycle takes place in matrix of the mitochondria Electron transport chain occurs in the Cristae of the mitochondria Total yield= 38 ATP |
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ATP |
Duration=0-3 secs Intensity=maximal (anaerobic) ATP rebuilt= none Exp=shot putt |
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ATP-PC |
Duration=3-10 secs Intensity=maximal (anaerobic) ATP rebuilt= 1 ATP Exp=100m sprinter |
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Lactic Acid |
Duration=10secs-3mins (peaks at 1 min( Intensity=maximal (anaerobic) ATP rebuilt= 2 ATP Exp= 400m sprinter |
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Aerobic |
Duration=in excess of 3 mins Intensity=sub-maximal (aerobic) ATP rebuilt= 38 ATP Exp= marathon runner |
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Summary |
All energy systems are always working Only 1 dominant at any one time Others may be recovering or providing some of the energy Aerobic system most preferred as fatigue is slow & minimal |
