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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Close Reading
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Focus on how the authors use the elements of their craft to create the world. It will reveal the design and pattern.
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Short Story
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Means particular literary genre, invovles one unified episode.
shorter than a novel |
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Narrative
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prose story
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Plot
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sequence of events in a story and their relation to one another
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End Orientation
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the outcome of the action or the conclusion of the plot
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Exposition
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first paraghraphs
introduction |
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Rising Action
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dramatizes the specific events that set the conflict in motion
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Climax
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emotional high point of the narration
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Falling Action
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events begin to wind down and point the reader toward a conclusion or denouement at the end of the story
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Foreshadowing
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suggests the action to come
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Protaganist
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central character
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Characters
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people who are invovled with what hapens in the story
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Sentimentality
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emotional overindulgence
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Stereotyping
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oversimplified judgement
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Setting
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place and time of story
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Point of View
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author's choice of narrator
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Narrator
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point of view written
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First-Person Narration
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uses "I"
unreliable |
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Third-Person Narration
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uses he, she, and they
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Second-Person Narration
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uses "you"
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Omniscient Narrator
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know everything about everything/everyone in the story
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Objective Thrid-Person Narration
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almost entirely in dialogue to relay message. doesn't take sides
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Style
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characteristic way an author uses language to create literature
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Voice
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a speaking voice read across the page
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Tone
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the way the author coveys his or her unstated attitudes toward the story
what changes the meanings of words |
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Irony
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the reader is aware of a reality that differs from the reality that the characters perceive
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Symbol
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something that suggests an abstract meaning to the reader in addition to its literal significance
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Theme
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generalization about the meaning of a story
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Literary Theory
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characterizes particular methods of inquiry into the nature and value of literature
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Formalist Criticism
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Values a work for its intrinsic properties and focuses on form over content
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Biographical Criticism
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works are written by human beings and important facts about the life of an author can often shed light on literary texts
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Psychological Criticism
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determine meanings that are suggested but not overly stated.
1) inverstigation of the creative process and nature of the literary genius 2) study of the individual writer 3) analysis of fictional characters |
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Mythological Criticism
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Studies archetypal characters and establishes underlying patterns of similarities
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Historical Criticism
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focuses on the events that were occuring in the world during the time the author wrote the work
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Sociological Criticism
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explores the economic, racial, and political context in which works were created and read
Marxist- tries to reveal how those in control of the means of production manipulate the rest and thereby change the system |
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Reader-Response Criticism
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includes the reader in constructing the meaning of the text
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Poststructuralist and Deconstructuralist Criticism
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focus on multiple, self-contradictory meanings that exist in a work; meanings that resist a final interpretation
Believe: Human language is fundamentally unstable Literary texts are composed of language So literary texts are unstable There is an inherent link between a word and its meaning |
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Gender Criticism
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concerned with gender and sexual orientation of both writers and readers
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Cultural Criticism
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Try many different approaches together such as combining gender and psychological.
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Explication
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"unfolding" unfolds a meaning of a work concentrating on details line by line
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Alliteration
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repitition of same sounding letters
Initial alliteration- when the first letter is repeated and it is a consonant |
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Assonance
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repitition of vowel sounds within a phrase
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Onomatopoeia
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uses the sound of a word
impies the word is made up to describe the sound |
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Rhyme
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essence is a similarity of sound
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Eye Rhyme
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two words look like they would sound alike but they do not
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Perfect Rhyme
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the sound of the two words is exactly alike
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End Rhyme
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words at the end of the line rhyme
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Near/Slant Rhyme
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the sound of the two words is close but not exact
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Masculine Rhyme
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the accent on the rhyming words is on the final strong syllable
Stay and away |
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Feminine Rhyme
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accent is on the weak syllable
Season and reason |
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End-stopped
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line of a poem comes to a definite end
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Enjambed
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meanig does not end but continues on the next line of a poem
noun=enjambment |
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Free Verse
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looks like it is free of restrictions of traditional poetry
also called open form traditional is closed form |
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Stressed and Unstressed
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syllables that are strong or weak
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Scansion
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scanning and marking the patterns or stresses in a poem
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Meter
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regular rhythm of words
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Foot
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one unit of rhythmic pattern that makes up a meter
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iamb
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rhythm based on one foot of one weak and one strong syllable
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Iambic Meter
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a rhythm based on iambs
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Trochaic Meter
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a pettern of strong-weak, strong-weak, strong-weak, strong-weak, strong.
the metrical foot is called trochee |
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Anapest
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two unaccented syllables follwed by a strong syllable
Anapestic Meter |
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Dactyl
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strong syllable followed by two weak syllables
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Caesura
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a break in the meter
starts and stops somewhere within the line |
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Anacrusis
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an unstressed syllable at the beginning of a line that does not affect the overall meter
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Iambic Pentameter
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a meter with five feet of weak-strong syllables
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Spondee
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two strong accents together
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Pyrrhus
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two weak accents together
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Rising Meter
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two feet that begin with a weak syllable:
iambic and anapestic |
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Falling Meter
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two feet that begin with strong syllables:
trochaic and dactylic |
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Blank Verse
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oratorical style of a long line in regular meter without but wihtout the confines of rhyme
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Pattern Poem
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also called shape poem
the physical placing of letters and words creates a picture |
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Denotative
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dictionary definition of a word
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Connotative
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associated meanings with a word
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Diction
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the choice of words in a work over other words
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Poetic Diction
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a special kind of language used to write poems
use of refined words |
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Syntax
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the order of words
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Abstractions
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a word that has no concrete reality but we can intensely feel them
beauty and truth |
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Apostrophe
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speaking to an inanimate thing or idea
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Simile
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comparisons using like or as
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Metaphor
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indirect comparison
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Figurative Language
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uses simile or metaphor
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Literal Language
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words used in denotative sense
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Personification
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giving human characteristics to something inanimate
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Metonymy
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uses the name of one thing in place of something closely related to it
3 types: synecdoche, adjacency, and cause and effect |
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Synecdoche
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use part of something to stand for the whole thing
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Paradox
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something that seems it cannot be true but it really is
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Oxymoron
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statement that contradicts itself
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Hyperbole
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exaggerated statements
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understatment
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suggests something is smaller or less important than it really is
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Drama
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a play written to be performed in a theatre
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Tragedy
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story ends unhappily
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Tragicomedy
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a mixture of sad and happy events
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Comedy
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story ends happily
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Monologue
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words spoken by one actor
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Round Character
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wide range of thoughts and feelings
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Flat Character
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one-dimensional and simple
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Static Character
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doesn't change throughout the play
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Antagonist
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villain
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Dialogue
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exchange of words between characters in a play
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Soliloquies
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speeches spoken when the character is alone on stage
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Blocking
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actors movements on stage
nonverbal gestures are called stage business |
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Didactic
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teaches a lesson
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Closet Drama
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meant to be performed only in the reader's mind
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Climatic Plot
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tragic and comic structures
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Thought
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a means of testing the idea the play posited through "proof and refutation"
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Spectacle
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visual elements of a play
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Mimesis
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art of imitation through physical and vocal means
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Praxis
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action of the story; the arrangement of of events calculated to bring a desired response from the audience
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Agon
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"debate" or "contest" both tragedies and comedies have a formal agon in which the central idea of the drama was debates
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Hamartia
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a flaw or judgement that leads to the downfall of the tragic hero
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Hubris
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the most common form of tragic flaw, usually excessive pride or arrogance
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Peripeteia
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a reversal in the play that is the moment when the fortunes of the protagonist are drastically changed
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Anagorisis
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movement from ignorance to knowledge
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Epiphany
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moment of insight
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Dianoia
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new state of knowledge
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Irony
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unexpected reversal of fortune
caracter is deprived of knowledge that other characters and the audience show |
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Catharsis
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emotional cleansing initiated by the tragic experience; for the character it is the recognition and acceptance of his or her error; for the audience, it is the sum total of the pity and fear created by the play
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Chorus
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group of singer-dancers in Greek drama participating in or commenting upon the action of the play
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Superobjective
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Stanislavsky's term for the primary motivation of a character
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Subtext
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refers to the implied or underlying meaning of a line
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Subplot
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a secondary plot in a play which often parallels the major plot
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