Emt Basic Chapter 27

Front 1

One of the leading causes of death

Back 1

Trauma

Front 2

What age group is at highest risk from death of trauma

Back 2

1-44 years old

Front 3

With trauma patients, we maintain a high index of suspicion for what

Back 3

Hidden injuries

Front 4

A chief component of the assessment in a trauma patient is

Back 4

Understanding the mechanism of injury

Front 5

The science of analyzing mechanisms of injury is called

Back 5

Kinetics of trauma (helps predict the kind and extent of Injuries

Front 6

MOI is what placement in the consideration of transport decisions

Back 6

Third to physiological indicators

Front 7

What are kinetics

Back 7

The branch of mechanics dealing with the movements of bodies

Front 8

Kinetic energy

Back 8

The energy contained in a moving body

Front 9

Amount of kinetic energy depends on which two factors

Back 9

Body's mass and velocity

Front 10

Kinetic energy formula

Back 10

Front 11

The law of Inertia (one of the laws of motion)

Back 11

A body at rest will stay at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force

Front 12

What are the three impacts seen in a typical vehicular crash

Back 12

1. Vehicle collision

2. Body collision

3. Organ collision

Front 13

MOI can only provide what

Back 13

Suspicion of injury

Front 14

Doing what is the only way to find an actual injury

Back 14

Performing your assessments

Front 15

Most common mechanism of injury

Back 15

Falling

Front 16

Key factor in mechanism of injury

Back 16

Velocity

Front 17

Common scenes that require a high index of suspicion

Back 17

1. Death of another occupant of the vehicle

2. An unresponsive patient or a patient with an altered mental status

3. Intrusions of <12 inches on occupants side or <18 inches anywhere to vehicle

4. Ejection

Front 18

Classifications of motor vehicle collisions

Back 18

Frontal, rear end, lateral and rotational and rollovers

Front 19

Chances of a spinal injury are ____ during ejection

Back 19

Increased dramatically

Front 20

A torn intracoastal muscle can bleed how much into the chest cavity without being seen externally

Back 20

50 ml

Front 21

What is a paper bag injury

Back 21

Air trapped in the lungs by sudden closure of the epiglottis, is compressed between the ribs and spine and ultimately pops lungs

Front 22

What usually causes a spiderweb Crack in windshields

Back 22

Head striking the glass (most commonly scene in frontal crashes)

Front 23

What happens during a whip lash injury?

Back 23

Neck is hyper extended and the anterior spinal ligaments are often stretched or torn. (Most often scene in rear end crashes)

Front 24

Which type of crash is harder to predict injuries?

Back 24

Rotational crashes

Front 25

While specific pattern of injury is impossible in rollovers, what is common amongst rollovers

Back 25

Multisystem injury

Front 26

During pedestrian collision, what are the patterns for striking a child and an adult

Back 26

Children-- usually turn towards oncoming vehicle, injuries commonly to the front of the body

Adult--- usually turns away from oncoming vehicle, most common impact is to side of body

Front 27

What kind of injuries may be caused by restraints?? (Seat belts and airbags)

Back 27

Hidden injuries

Front 28

Individuals most prone to injury resulting from airbags

Back 28

Elder adults, short adults (>5'2) and infants, children less than 12

Front 29

What is SCIWORA

Back 29

Condition referred to as a spinal chord injury without radiologic (injury to spinal chord without injury to vertebrae) abnormality. (MOST COMMONLY SCENE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN)

Front 30

Which type of crash is most commonly scene with motorcycle collision.

Back 30

Ejection

Front 31

What are the types of motorcycle collisions

Back 31

Head on impact, angular, ejection and "laying down the bike"

Front 32

What is laying down the bike

Back 32

An evasive action designed to prevent ejection and separation of the driver from a bike during an impeding collision

Front 33

At what height are the internal organs most likely injured during a fall

Back 33

20 ft or more

Front 34

Classifications of penetrating injuries

Back 34

Low, medium and high velocity

Front 35

Normal MOI for low velocity

Back 35

Knifes

Front 36

Normal MOI for medium to high velocity injuries

Back 36

Pellets or bullets

Front 37

What is trajectory

Back 37

The path or motion of a projectile during its travel

Front 38

What is the dissipation of injury

Back 38

The way energy is transferred to the human body from the force acting on it.

Front 39

Factors that effect dissipation of energy

Back 39

Drag

Profile

Cavitation

Fragmentation

Front 40

Drag

Back 40

Factors that slow a bullet such as wind resistance ect...

Front 41

Profile

Back 41

Impact point (greater size, more energy transferred

Front 42

Cavitation (pathway expansion)

Back 42

Generally occurs with only medium and high velocity injuries

Cavity in the body tissues formed by pressure wave resulting from kinetic energy of object

Always asses for exit wound

Front 43

Fragmentation.

Back 43

When object breaks into smaller pieces upon impact increasing damage

Front 44

90 % of firearm wounds are fatal if shot in which regions of the body

Back 44

Head, thorax or abdomen

Front 45

What is to be suspected if a patients entry wound is between the nipped line and the waist

Back 45

Thoracic and abdominal injury

Front 46

What region of the body is often injured secondary to the chest

Back 46

Abdomen

Front 47

Three phases of explosions

Back 47

Primary- due to pressure of wave blast (primarily effect gas containing organs)

Secondary- due to flying debris propelled by force (obvious outside injury)

Tertiary- when patient is thrown away from source. Same as wounds during ejection

Front 48

What percentage of trauma patients have single or simple injuries (involving one body system)

Back 48

90%

Front 49

What kind of trauma patients (multi or single systemed) carry the highest rate of morbidity and mortality

Back 49

Multisystem patients

Front 50

What is the golden period

Back 50

Parameter for emergency care bec7ase severely injured patients have the best chance of survival if intervention takes place as quickly as possible from the time of injury

Front 51

The golden period is variable depending on what?

Back 51

Patient injury

Front 52

What are the platinum 10 min.

Back 52

In cases of severe trauma, 10 min is the maximum amount of time the ems should devote to on scene activities

Front 53

Why was the trauma system designed

Back 53

To provide immediate surgical intervention for patients with internal trauma

Front 54

Classifications of trauma centers

Back 54

Level 1-manages all types of trauma 24 hrs, 7 days a week

Level 2- manages most trauma 24 hrs, 7 days a week. Stabilize trauma patients and send them to level 1

Level 3- some surgical capability, centers focus on stabilizing injures and sending to higher level

Front 55

What are the golden principles

Back 55

1. Ensure safety of EMS, patients and bystanders

2. Quickly identify need for additional resources

3. Determine MOI and kinematics in producing injuries

4. Provide primary assessment

5. Establish and maintain spinal stabilization for spinal cord injury

6. Establish and maintain patent airway

7. Establish and maintain adequate oxygenation

8. Providing PPV

9. Control external hemorrhage

10. Treat for shock

11. Consider use of (PASG)

Front 56

What is PASG

Back 56

Pneumatic antishock garment for decompensated shock (systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmhg) associated with suspected pelvic fracture or intra abdominal, retro peritoneal bleeding