Emotion Lecture 3

Front 1

Evolutionary perspective on emotion

Back 1

There are many similarities in emotional expression across cultures that suggest there is a biological basis to emotion

Front 2

Paul Elkman

Back 2

Considered 9 basic emotions and studied 6

Studied: Joy, anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear

Were not studied: contempt, embarrassment, pride

Front 3

Jame's Russel's circumplex model

Back 3

emotions came from your degree of arousal to sleepiness crossed with your amount of pleasure and displeasure

Front 4

Jame's Russel's circumplex model 2011

Back 4

Deactivation and activation vs. pleasure and displeasure

Front 5

Superabundance (Evolution and how it works)

Back 5

Organisms generally have many more offspring than are likely to survive

Front 6

Variation (Evolution and how it works)

Back 6

Random mutations and chromosome shuffling create differences among offspring affecting their likelihood to survive or not.

Front 7

Natural and Sexual Selection (Evolution and how it works)

Back 7

Natural: your environment and genes interact to determine survival

Sexual selection: you may have traits that are deemed desirable by the opposing sex

Front 8

Bonobos, chimps, and humans

Back 8

all share a lot of DNA but humans split from that branch 6-8 million years ago, humans and bonobos have 98% of their genes in common.

Front 9

Evidence for our relation with chimps

Back 9

They have forward facing eyes and not much hair on the face in order to allow for greater expression of emotion

Front 10

Evidence for our relation with bonobos

Back 10

human like face, lips, ears, and neck. Lack of facial hair compared to other mammals

Front 11

Vocalizing in chimps/bonobos

Back 11

they use vocal patterns, facial expressions, and gestures to communicate

Front 12

bonobos and walking

Back 12

bonobos can walk upright and carry things at the same time

Front 13

bonobo parent child relationships

Back 13

parents protect infants, share food with them, and infants are emotionally attached to the caregiver.

Front 14

bonobo play patterns

Back 14

show an interest in curious, playful, and creative/explorative methods of exploring the world.

Front 15

greeting in bonobos

Back 15

affectionate greeting and holding, face to face

Front 16

sexual intercourse in bonobos

Back 16

face to face sexual intercourse which was thought to be only human is common among bonobos, eye to eye gazing and smiling during sex

Front 17

Plutchik's 10 theoretical postulates 1 - 5

Back 17

1. emotion applies to all animals

2. emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved somewhat differently from other species

3. serve an adaptive function in dealing with survival issues

4. despite different forms of emotion in different species common forms can be identified

5. there are a small number of basic or prototype emotions

Front 18

Plutchik's 10 theoretical postulates 5 - 10

Back 18

6. All other emotions are mixed or derivative states

7. Primary emotions are hypothetical constructs found through various evidence.

8. primary emotions can be seen through polar opposite emotions (joy vs. sadness)

9. all emotions vary in their similarity to each other

10. each emotion can exist in varying degrees of intensity of arousal

Front 19

Sequence of events in emotion

Back 19

stimulus event (sight of predator) --> cognitive appraisal (danger) --> Subjective reaction (fear) --> behavioral reaction (run) --> function (protection)