Elementary Psychology Ch. 5

Front 1

Prenatal physical development periods

Back 1

germinal period, embryonic period, fetal period

Front 2

Teratogens

Back 2

substances that interfere with development and can cause birth defects

Front 3

Sensitive periods (critical periods)

Back 3

In embryonic development of cells, early stages have high flexibility

Front 4

Piaget’s four stages of thinking

Back 4

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Front 5

Schemas

Back 5

mental categories around which we organize and understand our world

Front 6

Visual cliff study

Back 6

experiment demonstrating infantile development of depth perception

Front 7

Precausal reasoning

Back 7

transductive way of thinking (from one particular to another without using deduction or induction)

Front 8

Theory of mind

Back 8

understanding actions and thoughts of other people, tested by false belief task

Front 9

Neural migration

Back 9

Movement of neurons from one part of the fetal brain to their more permanent destination

Front 10

The major figure of cognitive development

Back 10

Jean Piaget (first to propose that a child’s thinking was qualitatively different from that of adults)

Front 11

Egocentrism

Back 11

tendency to consider the world entirely in terms of one’s own point of view.

Front 12

Myelination

Back 12

wrapping of neurons to enhance conductivity

Front 13

Synaptogenesis

Back 13

building connections between neurons

Front 14

Synaptic pruning

Back 14

refining connections between neurons

Front 15

Probabilistic epigenesist

Back 15

there are bidirectional influences within and between levels of analysis.

Front 16

Interactive specialization

Back 16

Acquiring a new skill in development entails the reorganization of interactions between existing, partially active structures.

Front 17

Neuroconstructionism

Back 17

Gene/gene interactions, gene/environment interactions and the processes of ontogeny (pre and postnatal) are all considered to play a vital role in how the brain progressively sculpts itself and how it gradually becomes specialized over developmental time.

Front 18

Object permanence

Back 18

the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed

Front 19

Kohlberg’s 3 stages of moral reasoning

Back 19

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

Front 20

Attachment

Back 20

emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregivers.

Front 21

Temperaments

Back 21

Characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity.