Effects Of Immobility Disuse Syndrome

Front 1

what does immobility effect?

Back 1

Musculoskeletal system
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory (pulmonary) system
Metabolic system
Urinary system
Gastrointestinal system
Psychoneurologic system
Integumentary system

Front 2

How does it effect the musculoskeletal system?

Back 2

1.disuse osteoporosis
2. disuse atrophy
3.Contractures
4. stiffness and pain in joints

Front 3

What is disuse osteoporosis?

Back 3

bone demineralization occurs,calcium is lost regardless of diet, bone becomes spongey and fractures easy.

Front 4

assessment and intervention for disuse osteoporosis

Back 4

early ambulation and weight bearing

Front 5

what is disuse atrophy?

Back 5

Muscles decrease size, strength and function

Front 6

assessment and intervention disuse atrophy

Back 6

implement exercise program every 4 hours: active, isotonic and passive exercise.
Encourage selfcare activities, overhead trapeze bar, and teach them exercises they can perform in bed

Front 7

Contractures are

Back 7

Permenant shortening of the muscle, stronger muscle dominates the opposite muscle. Joint mobility is limited

Front 8

Assessment and intervention for contractures:

Back 8

Position patient in good alignment, passive and active exercises to maintain joint mobility, dorsiflex feet to prevent foot drop,hip roll to prevent lateral rotation, physical therapy consult

Front 9

stiffness and pain in joints

Back 9

ankylosis (stiffness or fixtation of a joint,) connective tissue becomes immobile, and calcium may be deposited in the joints

Front 10

assessment and intervention for stiffness and pain in joints

Back 10

exercise program, early weight bearing and ambulation, ROM exercises

Front 11

Cardiovascular system and disuse syndrom

Back 11

diminished cardiac reserve, increased use of valsalva maneuver, orthostatic (postural hypotension), venus vasodialation, stasis and edema.
Thrombus formation

Front 12

disuse syndrome on cardiac reserve

Back 12

immobility weakens the heart
increases heart rate
increases sympathetic activity

Front 13

assessment and interventions of diminished cardiac reserve

Back 13

Monitor vital signs, detect and report any changes

Front 14

Increased use of Valsalva Maneuver

Back 14

Interferes with bloodflow to heart and coronary arteries, surge of blood flow to heart with exhalation, results in tachycardia and arrythmias

Front 15

Assessment and intervention of valsalva maneuver

Back 15

instruct the client how and when to use valsalva maneuver and avoid constipation

Front 16

Orthostatic Postural Hypotension

Back 16

Pooling of blood in legs occur, when moved from reclining to sitting and standing position, Patients feel dizzy, lightheaded and may faint, Increase in heart rate

Front 17

Assessment and intervention of orthostatic hypotension

Back 17

Move patient slowly, anti-emboli stockings,monitor vital signs and have adequate hydration (increase fluid intake)

Front 18

Venus vasodialation, stasis and edema

Back 18

skeletal muscles atrophy and lose contraction strength, venus valves can become incompetent which causes venus pooling, increased pressure and edema

Front 19

Assessment and intervention of vasodialation, stasis and edema

Back 19

anti-embolic stockings, leg exercises, elevate legs 20 minutes, sequential compression pump device

Front 20

Thrombus

Back 20

Clot formation, thrombophlebitis, virchows triad (impaired venus return to the heart, hypercoagulability of the blood, injury to a vessel wall) Embolus (dislodged clot, serious to fatal problem) Large emboli may infarct area of lung, pulmonary function seriously compromised, can be fatal

Front 21

Interventions to prevent cardiovascular complications

Back 21

anti-emboli stockings, leg elevations, leg exercises,sequential compression device, ROM (passive and active) early ambulation

Front 22

Respiratory system and disuse syndrome complication

Back 22

decreased respiratory movement, pooling of respiratory secretions, atelectasis, hypostatic pneumonia,

Front 23

Decreased respiratory movement complications

Back 23

restricted chest movement, abdominal organs push against diaphram, prolonged immobility can cause intercostal joints to become fixed resulting in decreased vital capacity

Front 24

Pooling of respiratory secretions complications

Back 24

secretions pool by gravity, decreased ability to cough, dehydration thickens secretion,sedative suppress cough reflex

Front 25

Atelectasis complications

Back 25

decreased surfactant, mucus blockage of bronchial, can possibly collapse a lobe of a lung,entire lung collapse distal to muscus blockage

Front 26

complications of hypostatic pneumonia

Back 26

pool secretions, good medium for bacterial growth,infection can severly impair o2 and co2 exchange, pnemonia is a fairly common cause of death

Front 27

Interventions of respiratory disuse syndrome

Back 27

assess breath sounds at least every 8 hours and prn,o2 saturation monitoring, assess chest expansion, TCDB (teach pts. to take 5 deep breaths and cough every waking hour), Position turn every 2 hours around the clock, early standing,chair, ambulation as tolerated

Front 28

Decreased metoblic rate and disuse syndrome

Back 28

decreased metobolic rate, anorexia and negative calcium balance

Front 29

complications of decreased metobolic rate

Back 29

Negative nitrogen balance, catabolism (breaking down of muscle mass) anabolism (protein synthesis)
Depletion of protein stores is a big problem, protein is essential for building muscle and tissue and protein is needed for wound healing

Front 30

complications of anorexia

Back 30

decreased appetite with inactivity, occurs as a result of decreased metabolic rate, increase catabolism contributes to loss of appetite and malnutrician

Front 31

complications of negative calcium balance

Back 31

decreased result of immobility, absence of weight bearing and stress to muscoloskeletal structures, loss of calcium from bone demineralization

Front 32

Intervention of disuse syndrome of metabolic system

Back 32

Monitor pts. weight atleast weekly and monitor calcium intake,monitor nutritional intake, assess serum protein levels (prealbumin, albumin,) consult dietician (high calorie, high protein diet with calcium rich foods, and once again increase activity/mobility

Front 33

disuse syndrome on urinary system

Back 33

urinary stasis, renal calculi, urinary retention, urinary infection,urinary reflux

Front 34

urinary stasis

Back 34

gravity important in emptying kidneys and bladder, emptying not as effective in horizontal position, tone of bladder muscles decrease with immobility

Front 35

Renal Calculi

Back 35

calcium and phosphate are in excess, calcium is alkaline, calcium salts precipitate to form calculi, can obstruct urinary tract, immobility increases risk for kidney stones

Front 36

urinary retention

Back 36

accumulation of urine in the bladder,bladder distension, urinary incontinence can be a problem

Front 37

Urinary infection

Back 37

static urine is an excellent medium for bacteria, bacteria likes alkaline urine better than acidic, normal frequent urination is absent, urinary distention can cause minute tears in bladder mucosa (entry for organisims)

Front 38

Urinary reflux

Back 38

back up urine into renal pelvis can cause damage, serious problem

Front 39

assessment and intervention of urinary disuse syndrome

Back 39

Monitor urinary output, color, clarity and calculi, promote adequete hydration, if tolerated get the patient out of bed to urinate, cranberry juice may prevent, urinary tract infections, its important for client to have adquete perineal cleansing.

Front 40

Disuse syndrome on gastrointestinal

Back 40

constipation

Front 41

Constipation effects and disuse on g.i.

Back 41

decreased perstalis and colon motility, abdominal and perineal muscle weakness, bedpan not easy to use, and pt.s should avoid excessive use of valslava manuever.

Front 42

Assessment and intervention on G.I disuse

Back 42

high fiber foods, adequete hydration, stool softeners and laxatives, monitor bowel habits (do not wait until your client is impacted) avoid valsalva maneuver

Front 43

psychoneurologic system: dis use syndrome

Back 43

decreased selfesteem,exaggerated emotional reactions, time perception deteriorates, loss of control, loss of intellectual stimuli, situational depression, anxiety, apathy, withdrawn and regression

Front 44

interventions of psychoneurological effects of disuse syndrome

Back 44

talk with your pt.s, reorient as needed, promote selfcare and decision making, pt. may need anti-depressant

Front 45

effects on integutementary system

Back 45

reduces skin turger, skin atrophy , tears easy, less able to withstand trauma, pressure, friciton and shear.

Front 46

nursing implications

Back 46

Activity Intolerance
Airway Clearance, Ineffective
Anxiety
Breathing Pattern, Ineffective
Cardiac Output, Decreased
Constipation
Divers ional Activity Deficit
Gas Exchange, Impaired
Fluid Volume Imbalance, Risk for
Incontinence
Infection, Risk for
Mobility, Impaired
Nutrition, Altered
Powerlessness
Self Care Deficit
Self Esteem: Situational Low
Sexuality Patterns, Altered
Skin Integrity
Sleep Pattern Disturbance
Social Isolation
Tissue Perfusion, Altered
Urinary Retention
Walking, Impaired