Frailty In Musculoskeletal Disorders In Older Adults

The problems of musculoskeletal disorders in older adults, particularly degenerative diseases, increase dramatically with age, result in significant suffering from both functional decline or disability and it consume a significant proportion of health care resources. Older adults having both physiological and biopsychosocial changes related with age are considered as geriatric syndrome: frailty. Therefore, frailty is a state of age-related physiologic vulnerability that is characterized by reduced functional reserve and high susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. The manifestations of frailty are as follows: decreased activity and engagement, anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, osteopenia, balance and gait disturbance, and cognitive impairment. Moreover, frailty significantly increase risk for adverse health outcomes including falls, disability, institutionalization, hospitalization, and mortality. These adverse outcomes have a negative impact on health status in older adults in terms of physical, mental, and socio-economic dimensions. Based on the antecedents and consequences in the concept of frailty in older adult reveal that frailty in older adults is a multi-dimensional impact on health status. In the future direction, numerous geriatrics interventions have been developing to improve health outcomes for …show more content…
There are many perspective interpretation attempt to define health, such as World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO define health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” However, the definition of health in frailty older adults may distinctive meaning from others. Health in a perception of frailty could define as a meaningful living or purposive belief through the trajectory of illness by performing ultimately physical and functional performance and alleviating