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10 Cards in this Set
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Biology |
Unit 1: The Variety of Living Organisms Unit 2: Life Processes Unit 3: Animal Physiology Unit 4: Plant Physiology Unit 5: Variation and Selection Unit 6: Ecology and Environment Unit 7: Micro Organisms and Genetic Engineering |
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Unit 1: The Variety of Living Organisms |
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1.1: understand that living organisms share the following characteristics: - they require nutrition - they respire - they excrete their waste - they respond to their surroundings - they move - they control their internal conditions - they reproduce - they grow and develop |
Movement Reproduction Sensitivity Nutrition Excretion Respiration Growth |
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1.2: describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses, and for each group describe examples and their features |
Plants - Multicellular organisms - Their cells contain chloroplasts- able to carry out photosynthesis - Their cells have cellulose cell walls - They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose - Examples include flowering plants |
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Animals - Multicellular organisms - They have no cell walls - They usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from one place to another - They often store carbohydrate as glycogen - Examples include mammals and insects |
Fungi - Some are single-celled - Their cells have walls made of chitin - They feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products - They may store carbohydrate as glycogen - Examples include Mucor (hyphal example) and yeast (single cell example) |
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Bacteria - Microscopic single-celled organisms - They have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids - No nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA - Some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other living or dead organisms - Example: Pneumococcus (pathogen causing pneumonia) |
Protoctists - These are microscopic single-celled organisms - Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an animal cell - Some like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants - A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria |
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Viruses - These are small particles, smaller than bacteria - They are parasitic - Can reproduce only inside living cells - They can infect every type of living organism - They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes - They have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA - Examples include the influenza virus (causes ‘flu’) and the HIV virus (causes AIDS) |
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1.3: recall the term ‘pathogen’ and know that pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses. |
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Fungi - Aspergillus Bacterium - Salmonella Protoctists - Plasmodium Falciparum Viruses - Influenza Virus |
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2.1: describe the levels of organisation within organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and systems. |
Organelles: specific function within a cell, eg Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell - Cells: made of Organelles, basis of living things - Tissues: collection of similar cells all doing the same thing - Organs: different kinds of tissues together forming a unit - Systems: several organs forming a system, eg cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels. |
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2.2: describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole |
Animal cell Nucleus is in the centre of the cell, surrounded by cytoplasm, around the edge is the cell membrane. Plant cell Vacuole in the centre, surrounded by cytoplasm, this contains the nucleus and chloroplasts, surrounded by the cell membrane and the cell wall |
