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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A patient presents with eye lid redness and dry scales. What is the probable causitive organism?
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Staphylococcus
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Most common orbital fracture.
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Blowout fracture
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If diplopia is evident on a patient with a blowout fx when the patient gazes upward which muscle is entrapped?
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inferior rectus muscle
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Herniation of orbital fat into the maxillary sinus, what is the sign?
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Teardrop sign
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Bone fragments in the sinus
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open bomb-bay door sign
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Opacity of the eye lens, with age being the most common cause. Whats the dx?
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Cataract
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Pyogenic conjunctivitis has a discharge that is commonly known as...
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gound
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A patient presents with conjunctivitis that has minimal itching, profuse tearing, and preauricular adenopathy. What is the likely causitive organism?
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Viral (Adenovirus, HSV 1 and 2, piconaviruses)
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A patient with eye redness and tearing states that her condition came on after her last set of contacts. What is the possible organism, tx?
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1. Pseudomonas aerginosa
2. tobramycin or fluoroquinolone |
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What is the clinical name for inflammation of the lacrimal gland?
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Dacryoadenitis
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An infection of the lacrimal gland is known as..
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Dacryocystitis
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Leading cause of preventable blindness in the United States.
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Glaucoma
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Most common type of Glaucoma.
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Open angle
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What is normal intraocular pressure and what test do you use for possible glaucoma?
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10-24mmHg.
Shiotz tonometry |
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What is the tx for a Hordeolum?
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1. Warm compresses QID
2. If no improvment in 48 hrs I and D may be needed. |
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Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye is known as...
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Hyphema
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Most common organisms in orbital celulitis.
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H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae
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What is the tx for orbital celulitis, mild and severe?
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1. Amoxicillin (mild)
2. ceftriaxone and vancomycin (severe) |
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A fleshy triangular encroachment onto the cornea. Typically caused by irritation from Ultraviolet light, drying, and wind.
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Pterygium
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56 year old male patient states that a curtain came down over his eye and since has noted floaters. Whats his dx?
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Retinal detachment
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Cherry red spot on a patients macula. Dx?
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Retinal vascular occlusion
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Cotton wool spots, Arteriovenous (AV) nicking
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Hypertensive Retinopathy
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Esotropia is also known as...
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Convergent strabismus(crossed eyes)
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Exotropia is also known as...
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Divergent strabismus
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Test used to determine eye position by evaluating for centering of light reflection in both eyes.
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Hirschberg Test
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Most common cause of otitis media.
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RSV (respiratory synctial virus)
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Most common bacterial causes of otitis media.
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1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus Influenzae 3. Moraxella Catarrhalis |
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Tx for otitis media..
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Amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day x 10 days
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What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis.
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RSV
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A mass of squamous epithelium debris that forms at the site of invasion of the tympanic membrane.
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Cholesteatoma
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Patient presents c/o ear "popping" and pain after flying in a plane. Pt had an episode of a URI that was treated 2 weeks ago. Dx and tx?
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1. Middle ear barotrauma
2. Pain control, decongestants, and antihistamines. |
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A common cause of cerumen impaction.
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Use of cotton-tip applicators
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Triad of hearing loss, tinnitus, episodic vertigo
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Meniere's disease
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Most common cause of epistaxis in children.
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Nose picking
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90% of nose bleeds occur where?
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Kiesselbach's plexus
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What are the two types of hearing loss?
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1. Conductive
2. Sensorineural |
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A patient presents c/o hearing loss in right ear. Weber test has patient describe hearing is greater in his right ear than left. What type of hearing loss is this patient experiencing?
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Conductive
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What is the most common sensorineural hearing loss?
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Presbycusis
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What is the tx for sensorineural hearing loss?
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Hearing aid
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What is the most common organism in Otitis externa?
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Pseudomonas aeriginosa
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What is the tx for otitis externa.
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1. saline and acetic acid rinse
2. topical neomycin or quinolone ( ciprodex) |
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What are some of the most common drugs to cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss?
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1. aminoglycosides
2. salicylates 3. loop diuretics 4. quinine 5. cisplatin |
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Performed with the patient sitting upright with the legs extended. The patient's head is then rotated by approximately 45 degrees. The clinician helps the patient to lie down backwards quickly with the head held in approximately 20 degrees of extension. This extension may either be achieved by having the clinician supporting the head as it hangs off the table or by placing a pillow under their upper back. The patient's eyes are then observed for about 45 seconds as there is a characteristic 5-10 second period of latency prior to the onset of nystagmus. If rotational nystagmus occurs then the test is considered positive for benign positional vertigo. What is the name of this test? What is the patient being tested for?
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1. Dix-Hallpike Test
2. Benign peroxysmal positional veritgo |
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What is the duration of acute, sub-acute, and chronic sinusitis?
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1. acute sinusitis <4 weeks
2. sub-acute 4-8 weeks 3. chronic sinusitis >8 weeks |
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A rare complication of strep pharyngitis, thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein. What is the condition and the bug?
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1. Lemierre's syndrome
2. fusobacterium |
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What are the three most common bacterial causes of sinusitis?
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1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae 3. Moraxella catarrhalis |
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How long a duration is sinusitis before antibiotics are indicated?
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>7 days
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What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with allergic sinusitis?
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Type 1 (IgE)
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What is the most effective treatment for over all control of allergic rhinits?
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Intranasal corticosteroids
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Name the side effects of first generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine.
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1. sedation
2. anticholinergic effects |
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Name a medication that antagonizes the action of actelycholine at the muscarinic receptor?
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Ipratropium bromide
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Loratidine and fexofenadine are what class of drug?
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2nd generation antihistamine
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What is the most common cause of posterior epistaxis and in what population?
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arteriosclerosis and elderly patients
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What are the most common type of nasal polyps?
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Eosinophilic
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Which type of nasal polyps presents with purulent secretions?
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Neutrophilic
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What are the two treatment methods for both types of nasal polyps?
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1. Eosinophilic - intranasal corticosteroids
2. Neutrophilic - antibiotics |
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90% of patients that present with pharyngitis has a viral nature, if it is bacterial, which bacteria is it most likely?
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GAS pyogenes
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If tonsils on a 17 y/o patient is exudative and the rapid strep is negative what bug must be considered?
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Epstein Barr (possible mononucleosis)
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Most common cause of tooth loss.
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Periodontal disease
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Most common cause of laryngitis.
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viral - RSV, influenzae, rhinovirus, and adenovirus
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What is the name of the test of Giemsa stain revealing giant multinucleated cells when suspecting herpes simplex?
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Tzank smear
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A pupil that dilates instead of constricting when a light is flashed into it. What type of pupilary disorder is this?
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Marcus-Gunn pupil
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Tertiary syphilis leads to this pupil disorder.
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Argyll-Robertson pupil
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What pathology has the lens ofthe eye dislocate superiorly?
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Marfans syndrome
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What pathology has the lens ofthe eye dislocate inferiorly?
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homocysturnia
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This palpebral disease can spread to cavernous sinus leading to deadly thrombosis and meningitis. Whats the dx and tx?
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1. orbital celulitis
2. IV nafcillin |
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What is the name of desquamated, keratinized conjunctival cells? What disease is it seen in?
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1. Bitot's spots
2. Xeropthalmia (caused by sjogrens or vitamin A deffiiciency) |
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What is the treatment for closed-angle Glaucoma?
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1. IV mannitol
2. acetozalomide (diamox) |
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How is closed angle glaucoma cured?
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laser iridotomy
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Contact wearer presents c/o eye pain, decreased vision. On PE hypopyon in anterior chamber. Lab reveals dendritic branching on flourescein stain. What dx and tx?
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1. Keratitis
2. Emergency consult (vidarabine for HSV) |
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Which organism causes preauricular adenopathy, no vision changes, and rare purulent discharge from eye?
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Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
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What eye disease is seen in a sarcoidotic patient with pain, miosis, and flare and cells in aqueous humor on slit lamp examination?
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Uveitis
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Patient presents with blue sclera, Osteogenesis Imperfecta has been ruled out. What other condition could this be?
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Marfan's syndrome
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Patient complains of yellow vision, he has a previous hx of signifigant cardiac problems. What medication could be causing his problem with vision?
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Digoxin toxicity
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Retinal leukocoria is usually seen in what disorder?
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Retinoblastoma
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What eye disorder is seen in a patient with small hemorrhagic spots with central clearing in the retina?
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Roth Spots
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"Sea fan" neovascularization in the retina of a black patient. What disease is this seen in?
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Sickle cell anemia
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What three conditions are common with cherry red spots on the macula?
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1. Tay-Sachs disease
2. Niemann-Pick disease 3. central artery retinal occlusion |
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What is the primary site for metastisis for Uveal melanoma?
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Liver
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