Dr K: Chapter 23 Study Guide

Front 1

upper respiratory system consists of

Back 1

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and associated structures

Front 2

lower respiratory system consists of:

Back 2

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Front 3

conducting zone includes

Back 3

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx is, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Front 4

function of the conducting zone

Back 4

to filter, warm, moisten air as it enters lungs

Front 5

respiratory zone:

Back 5

where gas exchange occurs, includes bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Front 6

external nose contains:

Back 6

bony framework, mucus membranes, cartilage, covered with muscle and skin

Front 7

internal nose contains:

Back 7

1.nasal cavity containing three nasal conchae

2.four pairs of paranasal sinuses

3.upper "respiratory" region of internal nose contains goblet cells and cila

4.lower "olfactory" region contains olfactory receptors

Front 8

pharynx location:

Back 8

1.anterior to the cervical spine

2.superior to larynx

3.posterior to nasal and oral cavity

Front 9

Three regions of the pharynx:

Back 9

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Front 10

pharynx will turn into:

Back 10

esophagus and will then travel to the stomach

Front 11

larynx location:

Back 11

anterior to esophagus at approximately C4-C6 level

Front 12

The walls all of the larynx include:

Back 12

9 pieces of cartilage, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

Front 13

structures found on the anterior larynx:

Back 13

1)thyroid cartilage: aka Adam's apple (FYI Thyrohyoid membrane connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone)

2)cricoid cartilage: forms the inferior wall of the larynx(FYI cricotracheal ligament attaches cricoid cartilage to 1st ring of trachea)

3)epiglottis: "trap door" covers the vocal chords and prevents food from entering wrong tube

Front 14

structures found on the posterior larynx:

Back 14

1)arytenoid cartilage: triangular cartilage

2)Corniculate Cartlidge: the little "horn"

3)cuneiform cartilages: club shaped cartilage

Front 15

structures of voice production:

Back 15

1-vocal chords:The superior "vestibular fold" and the inferior "vocal fold"

2-rima vestibule: The space between the vocal chords

3-laryngeal sinus: the lateral space between vocal folds

4-additional structures that support voice

Front 16

functions of respiratory system:

Back 16

Exchange of gases

Adjust pH of body fluids

Front 17

functions of internal nose

Back 17

filter, warm, and Moisten air

detect olfactory stimuli

resonance for speech vibration

Front 18

function of the pharynx

Back 18

food passageway

resonance for sound/speech

houses tonsils

Front 19

function of the epiglottis of the larynx

Back 19

act as trapdoor to protect vocal chords and prevent food passage

Front 20

function of the cuneiform cartilages of the larynx

Back 20

support the vocal cords and the lateral aspect of epiglottis

Front 21

function of mucous membranes (aka vocal chords)

Back 21

Voice production

holding the breath

Front 22

function of trachea

Back 22

passageway for air

Front 23

function of trachealis muscle

Back 23

allow diameter to trachea to change with breathing

Front 24

function of Pleura of lungs

Back 24

natural protective mechanism of lungs to allow appropriate surface tension

Front 25

pulmonary ventilation

Back 25

The process of gas exchange (pulmonary respiration)

Front 26

three steps of pulmonary respiration:

Back 26

1-breathing by inhaling and exhaling(pulmonary respiration)

2-Exchange of gas to remove CO2 waste and obtain O2( pulmonary ventilation)

3-bringing O2 to the capillaries of tissues( tissue respiration)

Front 27

The effort required to breathe can be altered by:

Back 27

airflow obstruction,

alveolar Service tension,

lung compliance/quality

Front 28

Lung volume and capacities:

Back 28

1.in average healthy adult takes 12 breaths per minute

2.The tidal volume is the amount of air you can take in during one breath

3.when circulated, totals an average of 6 L of air per minute

4.70% of the title volume will reach the aveoli level

Front 29

oxygen transport:

Back 29

1.oxygen to not dissolve in water therefore It cannot travel alone and blood

2.to make that happen heme is required

3.heme what is the part of our red blood cells that's the oxygen carrying red protein

4.heme contains iron which binds to oxygen and transports it

Front 30

oxygen transport:

Back 30

1.oxygen to not dissolve in water therefore It cannot travel alone and blood

2.to make that happen heme is required

3.heme what is the part of our red blood cells that's the oxygen carrying red protein

4.heme contains iron which binds to oxygen and transports it

Front 31

carbon dioxide transport:

Back 31

1.most often travels by biocarbonate ions

2.could also travel by carbamino compounds

3.could also travel by CO2 disillusion

FYI ... if less O2 is attached to the hemoglobin there is more room available for CO2 to be carried out

Front 32

Control of respiration:

Back 32

1.The respiratory center of the medulla and pons in the brain has three subdivisions that involuntarily control breathing

2.all "Standard" parts of a feedback loop apply

3.can be influenced by our emotions, voluntary actions, temperature, blood pressure

Front 33

what is a spirometer?

Back 33

Machine that measures how much air is EXHALED!

Front 34

The exchange and transport of gasses:

Back 34

each gas acts independently...and if the pressure of gas is increased and the amount absorbed by blood will increase as well

Front 35

what are the two further divisions of gas exchange:

Back 35

1.pulmonary gas exchange which occurs at the Alveoli level in lungs

2.systemic gas exchange which occurs at the capillary level in the tissues

Front 36

inhalation Key points:

Back 36

1.primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm

2. to inhale..lungs must vertically expand and the diaphragm must drop

3.for the Lungs to fill the pressure must be decreased (boyles law)

muscle contraction required to inhale is an active process

Front 37

inhalation Key points:

Back 37

1.primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm

2. to inhale..lungs must vertically expand and the diaphragm must drop

3.for the Lungs to fill the pressure must be decreased (boyles law)

muscle contraction required to inhale is an active process

Front 38

inhalation Key points:

Back 38

1.primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm

2. to inhale..lungs must vertically expand and the diaphragm must drop

3.for the Lungs to fill the pressure must be decreased (boyles law)

muscle contraction required to inhale is an active process

4.pregnancy, obesity could affect inhalation

Front 39

inhalation Key points:

Back 39

1.primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm

2. to inhale..lungs must vertically expand and the diaphragm must drop

3.for the Lungs to fill the pressure must be decreased (boyles law)

muscle contraction required to inhale is an active process

4.pregnancy, obesity could affect inhalation

5.secondary muscles are the external intercostals

Front 40

inhalation Key points:

Back 40

1.primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm

2. to inhale..lungs must vertically expand and the diaphragm must drop

3.for the Lungs to fill the pressure must be decreased (boyles law)

muscle contraction required to inhale is an active process

4.pregnancy, obesity could affect inhalation

5.secondary muscles of inspiration are the external intercostals

Front 41

inhalation Key points:

Back 41

1.primary muscle of inspiration is the diaphragm

2. to inhale..lungs must vertically expand and the diaphragm must drop

3.for the Lungs to fill the pressure must be decreased (boyles law)

muscle contraction required to inhale is an active process

4.pregnancy, obesity could affect inhalation

5.secondary muscles of inspiration are the external intercostals

Front 42

important trachea information:

Back 42

1.extends the larynx and separates at approximately T5 level into the primary bronchi

2.layers of the tracheal wall from deepest to most superficial include: mucosa , submucosa, secodary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, terminal bronchioles

3.proximately 20 C shaped Rings

Front 43

trachea information part two:

Back 43

4.divisions after the carina our primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, terminal bronchioles

5.clara cells in the terminal bronchioles protect against carcinogens and toxins when inhaled

Front 44

lung information

Back 44

1.bilateral cone shaped organs

2.has a mediastinal surface and a costal service

3.right lung has:superior lobe, horizontal Fissure, middle lobe, oblique fissure

4.left lung has:superior lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

5.has parietal pleura and visceral pleura which creates a space between the cavity and surface tension