Digestive System Part 2

Front 1

Small intestine

Back 1

longest part of the alimentary canal, almost all absorption of nutrients takes place here

Front 2

3 Regions of the Small Intestine

Back 2

1) Duodenum
2) jejum
3) ileum

Front 3

Duodenum

Back 3

Small intestine that is segment closest to the stomach. recieves chyme from the stomach and digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver. between l1 and l4.

Front 4

jejum

Back 4

bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here.

Front 5

ileum

Back 5

final segment of the small intestines and the longest.

Front 6

ileocecal valve

Back 6

slit valve into the large intestine or colon

Front 7

plicae circulares in the small intestinal wall

Back 7

circular pleats around the interior of the small intestine, increase surface area

Front 8

villi

Back 8

minute finger like projections also increase surface area
contain capillaries and lacteals

Front 9

chyme

Back 9

semi fluid creamy mass, consisting of partially digestive food and digestive juices

Front 10

goblet cell

Back 10

mucus secreting cells

Front 11

microvilli

Back 11

sub-microscopic size, projection on single cells
increase surface space

Front 12

intestinal glands or crypts

Back 12

site of production of new cells (mitosis)

Front 13

lacteals

Back 13

lymph capillary in villus, transport lipids
transport materials that cannot enter blood capillaries.

Front 14

pancreatic duct

Back 14

secretes pancreatic juices into the duodenum.

Front 15

Large Intestine (Colon)

Back 15

1.5m long, last major organ of the alimentary canal
absorbs water resulting in semi-solid feces

Front 16

regions of the large intestine

Back 16

cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

Front 17

cecum

Back 17

short pouch; collects and stores materials from the ileum and begins the process of compaction.

Front 18

appendix

Back 18

lymphoid tissue, suspended by mesoappendix

Front 19

ascending colon

Back 19

starts at the cecum and goes up to the first flexure of the large intestine.
on the right between cecum and right colic flexure

Front 20

transverse colon

Back 20

continues across the abdomen and curves slightly at the spleen and passes down the left side.
horizontal portion

Front 21

descending colon

Back 21

left side between the left colic flexure and sigmoid colon

Front 22

sigmoid colon

Back 22

s bend near the terminal end. lies posterior to the urinary bladder; empties into the rectum.

Front 23

anal canal

Back 23

begins at the pelvic diaphragm and ends at the anus; last portion of the rectum.

Front 24

anus

Back 24

Opening; exit of the anal canal.

Front 25

external anal sphincter

Back 25

guards the anus, consists of a ring of skeletal muscle fibers that encircles the distal portion of the anal canal.

Front 26

rectum

Back 26

expandable organ for the temporary storage of feces. movement of fecal material into the rectum triggers the urge to defecate.

Front 27

internal anal sphincter

Back 27

smooth muscle cells which are not under voluntary control

Front 28

mucosa of the large intestine

Back 28

abundant goblet cells, stratified squamous epithelia near the anal canal

Front 29

bile

Back 29

green alkaline liquid that is stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the duodenum

Front 30

bile duct

Back 30

formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. passes within the lesser omentum toward the stomach; penetrates teh wall of the duodenum and meets the pancreatic duct at the duodenal ampulla.

Front 31

taenia coli

Back 31

circular muscle in the large intestinal wall

3 longitudinal strips spaced equally around the circumference of the cecum and colon

Front 32

haustra

Back 32

sac like pockets between the taenia coli

Front 33

liver

Back 33

on right under the diaphragm
largest gland in the body and produces bile

Front 34

Liver functions

Back 34

makes bile
stores excess nutrients
makes plasma proteins
detoxifies harmful materials
stores iron and fat soluble vitamins

Front 35

hepatic duct

Back 35

union of the left and right hepatic ducts; a transport canal for bile collected from the liver.

Front 36

hepatic portal vein

Back 36

carries blood from the stomach and small intestines toward and into the liver.

Front 37

structure of liver

Back 37

4 lobes: left, right, caudate and quadrate

Front 38

caudate lobe

Back 38

lobe left of the vena cava

Front 39

quadrate lobe

Back 39

inferior to the caudate lobe

Front 40

hilus ( portal hepatis)

Back 40

underside "entry point"

Front 41

hepatic artery

Back 41

from the systemic circulation carries blood into the liver for hepatic nutrition and metabolism.

Front 42

lobules of hepatocytes

Back 42

lobules basic functional unit consists of plates of liver cells

Front 43

sinusoids

Back 43

between plates of hepatocytes

Front 44

bile flow

Back 44

bile canaliculi--->right & left hepatic ducts--->common hepatic duct--->joins with cystic duct from gall bladder to become common bile duct, empties into duodenum at papilla

Front 45

Gall Bladder

Back 45

stores and concentrates bile

Front 46

cystic duct

Back 46

from the gall bladder; joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.

Front 47

Pancreas

Back 47

lies posterior to the stomach. primarily an exocrine organ, produces digestive enzymes and buffers.

Front 48

acini

Back 48

produce pancreatic juice