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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does food move through the GI tract? |
Mouth->phraynx->oesophagus->stomach>small intestine>large intestine |
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What role does the mouth play in digestion? |
mechanical role- chewing food allows it to mix with saliva to break down food |
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What role does the oesophagus play in digestion? |
Muscular tube that carries food from mouth to stomach |
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How does the stomach aid digestion? |
site of food storage, mixes food and liquid with digestive juice Food is converted into a fluid called CHYME which is expelled as vomit |
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What are the features and functions of the stomach wall? |
Has external layer of muscle in muscularis externa Rugae=allow stomach to stretch Has epithelial in folds called GASTRIC PITS which secrete gastric juices |
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What role does the small intestine play in digestion? |
Major digestive and absorptive organ where all the nutrients from food get absorbed. - muscles of small intestine mix food with digestive juices from pancreas and liver to push digestion further down |
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What role does the large intestine play in digestion? |
large intestine absorbs water and any remaining nutrients and changes waste from liquid to stools |
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How do digestive juices in each organ of the GI tract break down food? |
Digestive juices contain enzymes- substances that speed up chemical reaction in the body -breaks food down into nutrients |
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What accessory structures aid the GI tract? |
salivary glands, liver, pancreas, glands in stomach lining |
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What do the salivary glands do? |
produces saliva so food moves easily through oesophagus |
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What is the outer layer that makes up the GI tract? |
1. Serosa or adventitia |
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What is the middle layer which is made up of smooth muscle? |
Muscularis externa |
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What is the third innermost layer made up of dense connective tissue? |
Submucosa |
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What is the innermost layer of the GI tract? |
Mucosa |
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What is the function of the peritoneum? |
Provides serous membrane protective bubble that lines the abdominal organs |
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What are the features of the peritoneum? |
visceral peritoneum (lines digestive organs) parietal peritoneum (lines body wall) mesentary peritoneum (links parietal and visceral peritoneum) |
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Where is the peritoneum located? |
Serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity and most of intrabdominal organs |
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What is the epiglottis? |
cartilage behind root of tongue- covers larynx when food is swallowed to stop food getting into windpipe |
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What is a gastric pit? |
Indentations in the stomach that secrete gastric juices |
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What is the relationship between the gastric pit and pepsinogen? |
Hydrochloric acid is released from parietal cells in stomach lining-HI acid provides acidic environment for pepsinogen which activates the active form pepsin |
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What are the three basic subdivisions of the smallintestines called? |
Duedenum,Jejunum,Ileum |
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Whatis the livers role in the GIT? |
Processes nutrients from small intestine, produces digestive juice called bile |
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What is the function of bile? |
aids digestion by absorbing fats from foods |
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What is the role of pancreas in digestion? |
produces juice containing several enzyme s that break down carbs,fats & proteins in food -delivers digestive juice to small intestine through small tubes called ducts |
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What purpose do villi and microvilli serve? |
tiny structures that cover walls of small intestines, help to absorb nutrients |
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What is an enzyme? |
Proteins that control the speed of chemical reactions in the body |
