Dev Psych

Front 1

Christine is 5’7” and has blue eyes. Such directly observable characteristics are called

Back 1

phenotypes

Front 2

Which of the following is another term for sex cells?

Back 2

gametes

Front 3

The twenty-first pair of chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis, so Aziz received three of these chromosomes rather than the normal two. Aziz has __________ syndrome.

Back 3

Down

Front 4

Adopted children

Back 4

tend to have more learning and emotional difficulties than other children.

Front 5

Jenna’s mother tends to increase her use of punishment when Jenna becomes unruly and rebellious. This is an example of a(n) __________ influence between a parent and a child.

Back 5

direct

Front 6

Which of the following is an example of an indirect influence on a child’s development?

Back 6

parental conflict

Front 7

Which of the following beliefs has emerged as a central American value?

Back 7

The care and rearing of children is the duty of the parents, and only the parents.

Front 8

Attempts to help children and youths have been difficult to realize in the United States because

Back 8

cultural values of self-reliance and privacy have made government hesitant to become involved in family matters.

Front 9

When Harry, Ron, and Hermione are all exposed to an environment with a moderate level of stimulation,

Back 9

they will each respond differently to the same environment.

Front 10

An intellectually gifted child’s choice to participate in chess club is an example of

Back 10

niche-picking.

Front 11

Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast. When Tammy was just a toddler, her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast. Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by

Back 11

nature

Front 12

Nonnormative influences

Back 12

do not follow a predictable timetable

Front 13

Unlike Freud, Erik Erikson

Back 13

pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation.

Front 14

Piaget's view of development was greatly influenced by his early training in

Back 14

biology

Front 15

____________ is concerned with the adaptive, or survival value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

Back 15

Ethology

Front 16

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the

Back 16

macrosystem

Front 17

A researcher using a structured interview would typically ask

Back 17

the same set of questions in the same way to each research participant.

Front 18

One limitation of correlational studies is

Back 18

investigators cannot infer cause and effect.

Front 19

When researchers cannot randomly assign participants and manipulate conditions in the real world, they can sometimes compromise by conducting ___________ experiments.

Back 19

natural

Front 20

A major limitation of cross-sectional research is that

Back 20

age differences may be distorted because of cohort effects.

Front 21

The __________ secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum.

Back 21

corpus luteum

Front 22

The umbilical cord rarely tangles during pregnancy because the

Back 22

force of blood flowing through it keeps it firm.

Front 23

As early as the third month of pregnancy,

Back 23

the fetus can suck its thumb.

Front 24

Between 23 and 30 weeks,

Back 24

connections form between the cerebral cortex and brain regions involved in pain sensitivity.

Front 25

Willa gets regular headaches. While pregnant, Willa begins using aspirin to ease the pain because she is convinced that aspirin is harmless. Which of the following effects can Willa’s regular aspirin use have on the developing organism?

Back 25

Regular aspirin use is linked to low birth weight and poorer motor developmen

Front 26

Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception

Back 26

can alter gene expression, thereby contributing to symptoms of partial fetal alcohol syndrome.

Front 27

To avoid exposure to toxoplasmosis, Kaye should ask other family members to

Back 27

change the litter box.

Front 28

During her labor, Renae asks for a mild dose of painkillers to help her relax. Renae will probably be given a(n)

Back 28

analgesic

Front 29

Which of the following statements about caring for preterm infants is true?

Back 29

Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

Front 30

Which of the following statements is supported by research on abnormal crying?

Back 30

The cries of brain-damaged babies are often shrill, piercing, and shorter in duration than those of healthy infants.

Front 31

The rise in body fat during the first year of life

Back 31

helps infants keep a constant body temperature.

Front 32

Skeletal age is measured by determining

Back 32

the extent to which cartilage has hardened into bone.

Front 33

For synaptic pruning to advance,

Back 33

appropriate stimulation of the child's brain is vital during periods in which the formation of synapses is at its peak.

Front 34

Both animal and human studies

Back 34

verify the existence of sensitive periods in brain development.

Front 35

Studies show that the chronic stress of early, deprived orphanage rearing

Back 35

disrupts the brain's capacity to manage stress, with long-term physical and psychological consequences.

Front 36

Recent evidence indicates

Back 36

a strengthening relationship between rapid weight gain in infancy and later obesity.

Front 37

Classical conditioning

Back 37

helps infants recognize which events usually occur together in the everyday world.

Front 38

Habituation

Back 38

refers to a gradual reduction in the stregnth of a response due to repetitive stimulation.

Front 39

According to the dynamic systems theory of motor development,

Back 39

mastery of motor skills involves increasingly complex systems of action.

Front 40

In intermodal perception,

Back 40

babies make sense of visual, auditory, tactile, odor, and taste information, perceiving them as integrated wholes.

Front 41

During rapid cognitive change, children

Back 41

are in a state of disequilibrium.

Front 42

Follow-up research shows that success at object search tasks coincides with

Back 42

rapid development of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

Front 43

According to the core knowledge perspective,

Back 43

babies are born with core domains of thought.

Front 44

Research suggests that infants

Back 44

can discriminate quantities up to three.

Front 45

Most adults and older children cannot remember events that happened before the age of 3 because

Back 45

they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

Front 46

Superintendent Hastings has asked all teachers in her school district to administer student intelligence tests. If performances at each age level formed a normal distribution, the results were probably __________-shaped.

Back 46

bell

Front 47

Research using the HOME checklist reveals that the extent to which parents __________ is particularly important in predicting intelligence and academic achievement in elementary school.

Back 47

talk to their infants and toddlers

Front 48

Early intervention programs

Back 48

serve economically at-risk children and their parents.

Front 49

When 2½-year-old Max, and his father, Simon, listened to short sentences—some grammatically correct, others with phrase–structure violations—both showed similarly distinct ERP brain-wave patterns for each sentence type in the left frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. This suggests that

Back 49

a toddler processes sentence structures using the same neural system as an adult does.

Front 50

Ursula speaks to her infant son in short sentences made up of high-pitched, exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments, and repetition of new words in a variety of contexts. Ursula uses

Back 50

infant-directed speech.

Front 51

If children emerge from the first few years without __________, the seeds are sown for adjustment problems.

Back 51

sufficient trust in caregivers

Front 52

The first laughs occur in response to

Back 52

very active stimuli.

Front 53

Persistent paternal depression

Back 53

strongly predicts child behavior problems - especially overactivity, defiance, and aggression in boys.

Front 54

Infants’ emotional expressions are

Back 54

closely tied to their ability to interpret the emotional cues of others.

Front 55

Self-conscious emotions

Back 55

involve injury to or enhancement of the sense of self.

Front 56

Which of the following statements about emotional self-regulation is true?

Back 56

By the end of the first year, Chinese and Japanese infants smile and cry less than American infants.

Front 57

Neurobiological research indicates that when faced with novelty, shy children show

Back 57

greater pupil dilation than sociable children.

Front 58

In low-SES families, attachment generally

Back 58

changes from one insecure pattern to another.

Front 59

Baby Nathan is most likely to develop attachments to

Back 59

a variety of familiar people.

Front 60

Which of the following statements is supported by research on self-awareness?

Back 60

Infants' remarkable capacity for intermodal perception supports the beginnings of self-awareness.