Deformities

Front 1

Mallet finger

Back 1

Injury to the extensor mechanism of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint

Front 2

Boutonnière deformity

Back 2

Injury to the central slip of the extensor mechanism over the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint

Front 3

Coax varum

Back 3

Abnormality of the hip where the hip turns inward

Front 4

Coxa valgum

Back 4

Abnormality of the hip where the hip turns outward

Front 5

Hallux varus

Back 5

Deviation of the big toe outward, toward the midline of the body

Front 6

Hallux valgus

Back 6

Deviation of the big toe inward, away from the midline of the body

Front 7

Claw toe

Back 7

Involves the contraction of the toe at the middle and end joint (PIP and DIP). Tight ligaments and tendons cause the joint of the toe to curl downwards.

Front 8

Hammer toe

Back 8

Second third or fourth toes are deformed by a bend at the middle joint

Front 9

Mallet toe

Back 9

Buckling of the joint (DIP joint) at the end of the toe. The affected toe develops a painful corn near the nail, and this corn may ulcerate.

Front 10

Talipes

Back 10

Also known as club foot. This condition is caused by abnormal development of the bones of the feet.

Front 11

Ewing’s family of tumors (EFT)

Back 11

Malignant tumors that affect mostly adolescents and children. Usually affects bones but can affect tissue. Usually found in long bones, the pelvis and chest.

Front 12

Osteosarcoma

Back 12

Most commonly occurring type of bone cancer in individuals under 20 years of age. The disease usually starts in the bones but metastasizes into the lungs. Usually present in the knee and upper arm.

Front 13

Multiple myeloma (plasma cell myeloma)

Back 13

Cancer of plasma cells and found in bone marrow. Usually causes bone pain, especially in the vertebral column and in the ribs.

Front 14

Osteoma

Back 14

Non-malignant mass of new bone. Mostly present in the bones of the skull and face but can be found on the clavicle, pelvic bones and tubular bones.

Front 15

Chondroma

Back 15

Non-cancerous tumor formed of cartilage. Doesn’t cause symptoms but can occasionally cause pain at the site with the tumor.

Front 16

Synovial osteochondromatosis

Back 16

Condition in which the joint is filled with multiple loose fragments. Known as joint mice.

Front 17

Giant cell tumor

Back 17

Fast growing benign bone tumor which develops into the long bones and destroys bone. This condition is rare, and is generally seen in individuals 20 to 40 years of age.

Front 18

Psoriatic arthritis

Back 18

This is an autoimmune disease where inflammatory arthritis is associated with psoriasis.

Front 19

Symmetric psoriatic arthritis

Back 19

Is the most common type and affects both sides of the body at the same time.

Front 20

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Back 20

A condition affecting the nerve roots housed in the end of the spinal column. The condition is a medical emergency. The nerve root become compressed interfering with sensory and motor function. MRI and CT are used in diagnosis and surgery is necessary to correct the problem.

Front 21

Paget’s disease

Back 21

Chronic disorder of the bone and involves a disturbance in the normal rate of break down and build up a bone. Result in weak and deformed bones.

Hint 21

Osteitis deformans

Front 22

Gamekeepers thumb

Back 22

Injury to the ulnar ligament at the joint of the thumb in the palm (UCL tear) Caused by forceful abduction of the thumb

Front 23

Chondrosarcoma

Back 23

Type of cancer of the bone that forms in cartilaginous cells (Bone cancer)

Front 24

Lipoma

Back 24

Non-malignant tumor which develops from fatty tissue

Front 25

Lymphedema

Back 25

Involves fluid retention in a specific part of the body caused by a poorly functioning lymphatic system.

Front 26

Osteomyelitis

Back 26

Bacterial infection of the bone. Most frequently happens when there is an open fracture.

Front 27

Septic arthritis

Back 27

Joint infection. Generally spreads to the joint through blood circulation.

Front 28

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 28

“Brittle bone disease” - Genetic disorder of the bone where people are born with an inability to manufacture collagen, or an inability to manufacture normal, healthy collagen.

Front 29

Hallux rigidis

Back 29

Degenerative arthritis that affects the joint of the big toe. Toe becomes rigid and does not move.

Front 30

Rickets

Back 30

Softening of the bone that causes fractures and deformities. Can be caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, a lack of calcium or by disease

Front 31

Torticollis

Back 31

“Wryneck” - The head is inclined toward one side while the chin is raised and angled toward the opposite side. Caused by a birth defect or trauma to the neck. It affects the sternocleidomastoid

Front 32

Gout

Back 32

Type of arthritis caused by excess Uric acid in the body. Uric acid is a waste product that is normally excreted in urine

Front 33

Intersection syndrome

Back 33

“Crossover syndrome” - Condition caused by repeated actions of the wrist which affects the forearm and wrist. The extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus along with the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus are covered by the tenosynovium which becomes inflamed.

Front 34

Avascular necrosis

Back 34

Disease that results from the loss of blood supply to the bone. Also known as osteonecrosis, aseptic necrosis and ischemic bone necrosis.

Front 35

Wrist drop

Back 35

Condition that affects the wrist and fingers when the radial nerve supplying the extensor muscles is not working properly.