Dat Bio Ch 8 Respiration

Front 1

respiration

Back 1

utilization of oxygen by an organism

Front 2

external respiration

Back 2

the entrance of air into the lungs, gas exchange between aveoli and blood

Front 3

internal respiration

Back 3

exchange of gas between blood and cells, intracellular process of respiration (oxidation)

Front 4

respiration in protozoa and cnidarians

Back 4

all cells are in direct contact with the external water environment, respiratory gases are exchanged by simple diffusion through the cell membrane

Front 5

respiration in annelids

Back 5

gas exchange through mucous covered skin bu diffusion. circulatory system brings oxygen to the cells and CO2 back to the skin

Front 6

respiration in arthropods

Back 6

respiratory tubules called tracheae have branches that reach almost every cell in the body. the tracheae access the surface by openings called spiracles. This allows intake, distribution, and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and body cells by diffusion.

Front 7

air pathway of human external respiration

Back 7

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Front 8

where does gas exchange between the lungs and blood?

Back 8

alveoli

Front 9

ventilation

Back 9

process of breathing, inhalation and exhalation, takes in O2 from the atmosphere and eliminates CO2 from the body

Front 10

process of inhalation

Back 10

diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles contract, rib cage is pushed up and out. thoracic cavity increases in volume, reducing pressure in lungs, causing air to fill them

Front 11

process of exhalation

Back 11

generally passive, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, lungs and chest wall recoil to original positions pushing inward. decreases thoracic cavity volume, lung air pressure increases, forces air out and lungs deflate

Front 12

regulation of ventilation

Back 12

respiratory cents in medulla oblongata

if partial pressure of CO2 rises in body, medulla stimulates an increase in ventilation rate

Front 13

pulmonary capillaries

Back 13

network of blood vessels that surround alveoli

gases are exchanged by diffusion through the capillary walls and alveoli walls