Dance Kinesiology I (Foot And Ankle Test 2)

Front 1

The foot is divided into three major sections. What are they?

Back 1

-Phalanges
-Metatarsals
-Tarsals

Front 2

What are the Phalanges?

Back 2

The toe part of the foot

Front 3

What are the metatarsals?

Back 3

The middle section of the foot

Front 4

What are the tarsals?

Back 4

1st, 2nd, and 3rd cuneiforms (medial), cuboid (lateral), navicular, and calcaneous (heel bone)

Front 5

What are the sesamoid bones?

Back 5

They are found right under the head of the 1st metatarsal (floating bone)

Front 6

Where is the tuberosity of the navicular?

Back 6

On the medial side of the foot

Front 7

What is the trochlea?

Back 7

The articulating surface where leg bones attach

Front 8

What are the three arches of the foot?

Back 8

-Anterior or Metatarsal arch
-Lateral arch
-Medial or Longitudinal arch

Front 9

How is the anterior/metatarsal arch formed?

Back 9

-It is curved due to the shape of the cuneiforms
-Wider on top, narrower on bottom
-Frequently broken down by dancers

Front 10

How is the lateral arch formed?

Back 10

On the lateral side of the foot, forming from the head of the 4th and 5th metatarsals to the place where the heel touches the ground. It's inflexible and stable.

Front 11

How is the medial/longitudinal arch formed?

Back 11

The heel/ankle tallus, cuneiforms, and the first 3 metatarsals.

Front 12

How does the heel strike occur?

Back 12

-Takes place on the lateral side of the calcaneus
-Is the first part of the gait
-Control comes from the eccentric contraction

Front 13

How does the mid-support occur?

Back 13

-Medial arch takes the weight
-Acts as a shock absorber
-Muscles on both sides of the legs contract to act as antagonists

Front 14

How does the take-off occur?

Back 14

You push off the big toe, which is the most efficient because it only has 2 joints, making it more stable

Front 15

What do the sesamoid bones do?

Back 15

Act as shock absorbers

Front 16

What are characteristics of the plantar fascia?

Back 16

-Connective tissue that supports the dome-like structure of the foot
-Supports, protects, and absorbs shock
-Is commonly over-used by dancers
-Common site of pain, right high in the arch, highly localized

Front 17

What are the three main foot types?

Back 17

-Normal
-Flat
-Pes Cavus

Front 18

What characterizes a flat foot?

Back 18

When the foot is flat when there is both weight bearing and non-weight bearing

Front 19

What characterizes a fallen arch?

Back 19

When the foot is flat when weight bearing, but has an arch when non-weight bearing

-When weight bearing, the navicular will displace medially--happens due to breaking it down

Front 20

What characterizes a pes cavus foot?

Back 20

-It has more to do with the top of the foot
-The bones are structurally higher, giving more flexibility in the foot

Front 21

What is the tibia?

Back 21

-Long bone
-Triangular in cross section
-Found on the medial side, bearing all the weight from femur to tallus

Front 22

What is the anterior border?

Back 22

The shin bone

Front 23

What is the medial malleolus frequently referred to as?

Back 23

The "ankle bone"

Front 24

What is the fibula?

Back 24

-Bone that articulates with the tibia, but not the femur
-Carries less than 10% of leg weight, but adds stability

Front 25

What is the lateral malleolus?

Back 25

The "ankle bone" found on the fibula, on the outside of the leg

Front 26

What is the interosseus membrane?

Back 26

Connective tissue that keeps the tibia and fibula together

Front 27

How many joints and ligaments are in the foot?

Back 27

34 joints, and over 100 ligaments

Front 28

What plane do toes have movement in?

Back 28

Sagittal

Front 29

What is dorsiflexion?

Back 29

Brings the foot closer to the tibia

Front 30

What is plantar flexion?

Back 30

Moves the foot away from tibia

Front 31

What are some characteristics of the trochlea?

Back 31

-Has a wedge shape, getting narrower further back
-When on relevé, you lose stability and tend to pronate

Front 32

What is the tailor-navicular joint?

Back 32

-The head of the tallus bone, and the navicular
-Almost a ball and socket joint

Front 33

What is the sub-tailor joint?

Back 33

-The tallus/calcaneous joint
-Has inversion and eversion

Front 34

What is pronation?

Back 34

Abduction and eversion

Front 35

What is supination?

Back 35

Adduction and inversion

Front 36

How is the true ankle joint formed?

Back 36

By the articulation of the talus, the inferior articulation surface of the tibia, and the lateral and medial malleolus

Front 37

What are the medial collateral ligaments? (Deltoid)

Back 37

-Anterior tibiotalar
-Tibionavicular
-Tibiocalcaneal
-Posterior tibiotalar
-Spring ligament (aka plantar calcaneonavicular)

Front 38

What are the Lateral collateral ligaments?

Back 38

-Posterior talofibular
-Anterior talofibular
-Calcaneofibular

Front 39

What are characteristics of the medial collateral ligaments?

Back 39

-Very strong and extensive in build
-Are so strong that bones will break before these ligaments will rupture

Front 40

What are characteristics of the lateral collateral ligaments?

Back 40

-Has 3 distinct bands
-When seriously or repeatedly injured, the ankle becomes chronically unstable