Dance Kinesiology 2 - Test Two (Spine)

Front 1

What are the four functions of the spine?

Back 1

- transmits body weight down into the pelvis
- protects the spinal cord and nervous system
- shock absorber
- allows for a wide range of motion

Front 2

What do the curves of the spine allow for?

Back 2

Great shock absorption

Front 3

What are the 4 sections of the spine, and how many vertebrae are in each?

Back 3

- Cervical: 7
- Thoracic: 12
- Lumbar: 5
- Sacrum: 5 (fused)

Front 4

Where are the vertebrae bigger and why?

Back 4

The weight bearing vertebrae get bigger as they go down because they have more weight to support

Front 5

Why are the sacrum and coccyx smaller than the lumbar?

Back 5

Because the weight of the body is transferred to the whole pelvis.

Front 6

What are the two main parts of a vertebrae?

Back 6

- body
- arch

Front 7

What is the hole in the vertebrae called?

Back 7

The vertebral foramen

Front 8

When the vertebrae are stacked, what do the foramens create?

Back 8

The vertebral canal

Front 9

In what order do the spinal curves in babies form?

Back 9

- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

Front 10

What lies in between each body of vertebrae?

Back 10

Intervertebral discs

Front 11

How are disks shaped, and what does that shape do to the spine?

Back 11

- They are wedge shaped
- It gives curve to the spine

Front 12

What are intervertebral disks composed of?

Back 12

A jelly-like nucleus, which is surrounded by concentric rings of fibrous material called annulus fibers

Front 13

What do annulus fibers do?

Back 13

They attach to the body of vertebrae, and they grow and move together, providing for great range of motion

Front 14

What does the jelly-like nucleus of the disks do?

Back 14

Handles shock and compressive forces

Front 15

What happens when we get a herniated, or "slipped", disk?

Back 15

The annulus fibers become damaged which can allow jelly to escape.

Front 16

What's the difference between a herniated disk and a bulging disk?

Back 16

A herniated disk means jelly has escaped, but a bulging disk just has a bulge of jelly that doesn't quite escape

Front 17

What are the two purposes of the transverse processes?

Back 17

- bony anchors for muscles
- protect the spinal cord

Front 18

What is the pedicle?

Back 18

The 1st arch away from the body

Front 19

Where does the transverse process originate?

Back 19

From the side of the pedicle

Front 20

What is the purpose of the transverse process?

Back 20

- Holds onto the ribs
- It's a place for muscle and ligament attachment

Front 21

What is the lamina and how many are there on each vertebrae?

Back 21

Superior/inferior articulating facets; there are two

Front 22

What joint do the superior and inferior articulating facets form?

Back 22

Zygaphophyseal joints

Front 23

What kind of joint is the zygaphophyseal joint?

Back 23

Synovial joint

Front 24

Interlocking of the zygaphophyseal joint allows stability in which position?
And in which position is movement limited?

Back 24

- Allows stability when on all fours
- Movement is limited when standing

Front 25

What movement is possible at the spine?

Back 25

- flexion
- extension
- hyperextension
- right rotation
- left rotation
- right lateral flexion
- left lateral flexion

Front 26

The heavier a person is, the _______ the curves in the spine.

Back 26

Deeper

Front 27

The sacral curve area is flexible until ages what?

Back 27

30-40
It stays flexible longer in dancers, however, which can cause problems