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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Property Crime |
Makes up 3/4 of all crime and costs $20 billion |
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Burglary |
Attempted or completed "unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft" |
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Larceny/Theft |
"unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from possession of another" (resisting a merchant; motor vehicle theft) |
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Fencing |
Receiving of stolen goods who operates in conjunction with thieves and burglar's to dispose of those items |
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Johnathan Wild |
Sherif known for fencing |
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Arson |
"willful or malicious burning or attempting to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle..." |
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Forgery/Counterfeiting |
"Making with intent to defraud, anything false in the semblance of that which is true" |
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Fraud |
Obtaining money or property by false pretenses (emails) |
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Embezzlement |
Misappropriation or misapplication of money or property entrusted to one's care |
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Richard McQuillan |
Jackson County, Mich. former attorney charged with embezzlement after he mis-appropriated almost $1 million from the estate of a deceased man for his own use |
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Burglaries make up___ |
23.4 % of property crimes |
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Avg. Loss of burglary |
$2,230 |
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___% are residential burglaries |
74.5% |
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___% burglaries occur in the South |
45% |
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___% houses burglarized at least once |
72% |
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Low-Level Burglary |
(Primarily juveniles) spontaneous, unskilled burglaries; dissuaded by target hardening |
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Middle-Range Burglary |
Older; spend time looking for attractive targets; act alone; more able to defeat home burglary system |
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High-level Burglary |
(Professional) most skilled of all, act in groups of two or more; extensive planning; willing to travel long distance to target |
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Target Hardening |
Stronger locks, better lighting, burglar alarms, home-security, dogs, neighborhood watch, at home presence, etc. |
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Reasons for burglary |
Fast cash (Non-conventional lifestyle); drugs |
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Tipsters |
Give burglars info on suitable targets (attorneys, repair people, bartenders) |
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Fences (people) |
Sell stolen goods to individuals who recognize the shady nature but what to buy goods for less |
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__% of property crimes are Larceny/theft |
68.5% |
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Larceny costs avg. of: |
$6.1 billion/annually (US retailers $33.6 million/year; avg. price $740) |
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Types of larceny |
Shoplifting, pocket picking, purse snatching, MV theft (26%), car part theft (10%) |
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Amateur thief |
young, unskilled and commit when opportunity arises and risks are low (more females, lower income households) |
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Situational Inducement |
(Do not cause crime; rather than are occasions for crime) short run influence on a person's behavior that increases risk taking |
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Professional thief |
Older and more skilled; plan offenses carefully (career, skills, with, financial standing) |
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Identity theft |
Theft of a person's identity for the purpose of committing fraud (14% family/friends; social security numbers) |
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Motor vehicle theft |
Theft/attempted theft of motor vehicle (721,053/year; $4.3 billion/year) |
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Joyride thief |
Committed usually by teen boys who take and ride then dump it, not for profit just thrill |
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Profit thief |
dismantle item for part in chop shop (MVT) |
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__% forest fires caused by arson |
90% (southeast) |
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White collar crime |
crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation |
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Ex. of Industrialization WC Crimes |
Inhumane working conditions, bribery, kickbacks, and financial scemes |
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Muckrakers |
Criticized business/political corruption, and condemned cruel treatment of workers |
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Insider trading |
Equity trading based on confidential information about important events that may affect the price of the issue being traded |
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Bank fraud |
fraud/embezzlement that occurs within or against financial institutions that are insured or regulated by the US gov. |
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Consumer Fraud |
When a consumer of goods/services surrender their money through a misrepresentation of a material fact or through deceit |
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Business Opportunity Fraud |
Consumer is persuaded by the perpetrator to invest money in a business that is worth less than indicated |
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Professional Fraud |
Healthcare fraud, Financial fraud(Physicians, lawyers) |
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Healthcare fraud |
over billing, unnecessary surgery |
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Financial Fraud |
Insider trading |
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Police/political corruption |
(Violations of public trust) bribes, kickbacks, extortion and blackmail |
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Home improvement fraud |
Consumers are persuaded to pay inflated prices for home improvement |
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Real Estate/Land Fraud |
Ponzi Scheme-Early investors are paid off with proceeds from sales to later participants |
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Tax fraud |
Taxpayer underreported or did not report taxable income, purposely to evade payment of owed taxes |
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Corporation violence |
Actions by corporations that cause injury, illness, and even death (bad car part, dangerous medicine) |
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Estimates of property crime/street crime |
$17.1 billion/year |
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___ deaths by street crime |
16,204 |
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___ deaths from white-collar crime |
113,025 |
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Organized Crime |
Piracy, and prohibition. |
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Volstead act |
Enacted to carry out the intent of the 18th amendment which established prohibition in the US period |
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Alien Conspiracy Model and Myth |
Myth because model history of organized crime before italian immigration (irish americans) |
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RICO act |
Instituted by the gov, anything found part of legit business that belongs to illegal business is up to be seized |
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Drug |
Any substance other than food which by its chemical nature affects the structure or function of a living organism |
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Psychoactive Drug |
Any substance that affects behavior by changing mood, emotion, perception (caffeine, valium, tobacco, alcohol) |
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__% person have used an illegal drug at least once |
46% |
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Most commonly used drug |
heroine |
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2nd most used drug |
Crack |
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3rd most used drug |
Meth |
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Addiction |
Condition in which a person becomes physically dependent on a drug and will go through withdrawals if drug use is ended |
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Physiological Explanation |
Addiction results from some biological or physical characteristic (inherited gene) |
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Psychological explanation |
What do drugs do FOR people rather than to them? |
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Alfred Lindesmith |
Consistent with reinforcement perspective (pleasure vs. pain) |
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Personality traits |
Possession of certain characteristics predisposes individuals to addiction (never satisfied, self indulgent) |
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Sociological Explanations |
Social learning; subculture theories of abuse |
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Who uses more drugs: men or women? |
Men (51.2%) |
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Most likely to cope with depression |
Women |
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Cost of drug abuse? |
$64.8 billion/year |
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Measurable costs |
law enforcement activities, criminal justice case processing, steps to prevent money laundering, time lost at work |
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Non-quantifiable costs |
Death/sickness from drug exposure, drug related crime, fragmentation of families, charges in attitudes from drug/crime fear, lost human potential, image of US |
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Stimulants |
Stimulates central nervous system (cocaine, crack, amphetamines, methamphetamines, ectasy) |
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Depressants |
Used illegally to reduce anxiety, treat psychological problems, as mood elevators (nembutal, Seconal, Phenobarbital, Quallude, Sopor, Valium, GHB) |
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Cannabis |
Relatively mild, non-addictive, limited hallucinogenic properties (marijuana, hashish, cannabis plant, sinsemilla, hashish oil) |
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Narcotics |
Legitimate uses include pain relief, antidiarrheal action, cough suppression; used illegally to induce pleasure, euphoria, lock of concern and general feelings or well-being (opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine) |
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Hallucinogens |
Illegally to produce "mind expansions" (LSD, PCP, peyote, belladonna) |
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Anabolic Steroids |
Used illegally for weight gain; to treat arthritic, anemia, and connective disorder, and certain types of cancer; to bulk up and increase strength |
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Inhalents |
"Gate way drug;" variety of psychotropic substances, frequently found in glues, nail polish remover, deodorizers, lighter fluid, paint thinner, kerosene, gasoline, whip its, etc. |
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Drug-defined crime |
Violation of law prohibiting/regulating the possession, use, or distribution of illegal drugs (using drugs) |
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Drug-related crime |
Crime in which drugs contribute to the offense (excluding violations of drug laws) ex: snatching purse to buy drugs |
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Pharmaceutical diversion |
Process by which legitimately manufactured controlled substances are diverted for illicit use ("dr. shopping) |
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Drug trafficking |
Manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, importing, and exporting (or possession with intent to do the same) a controlled substance or a counterfeit substance |
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Drug-Crime connection |
Do drugs "cause" crime? (Correlation between illegal drug use and crime exists) people who use drugs commit a lot of crime than people who do not use drugs |
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Philosophical Argument |
Is drug use "victimless?" Lose of job, increase in health care costs, accidents, homelessness |
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Prostitution |
Selling of sex beyond the relationship of a significant other |
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Pornography |
"writings of prostitution" Gov. controls distribution |
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Reducing Consensual Crime |
Consensual crime laws don't typically work; best way in reducing behavior is to make it legal |
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Transitional crimes |
Criminal activity in all parts of the world |
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Human smuggling |
moving humans internationally and illegally (not trafficking) |
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Federal Immigration and Trafficking Legislation |
Open borders in the US until 1880s |
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Chinese Exclusion Act |
Enacted in 1882 in response to Chinese men immigrated to Western US |
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Immigration Act |
1924, limited the number of immigrants from one country to 2% |
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Immigration and Nationality Act |
1952; Continued with quotas and then provided criminal penalties for anyone bringing in something to the US illegally |
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HAS (2002) |
Dissolved and transferred function to Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS); Customs and Border Patrol (CBP); and ICE |
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Domestic terroism |
Not subject to state, local or federal laws |
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International Terrorism |
Terrorism around the world |
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Cyberterroism |
Uses technology to carry out terrorist attacks |
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USA Patriot Act |
Longer Jail time for certain suspects arrested without a warrant, broadens searches conducted without notice. Also, increases ability of federal authorities to tap phones |
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BHS: Protect against terrorism |
9/11 commission; Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism; Gilmore Commission |
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Deputy |
County |
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Troopers |
State |
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Officer |
City |
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FWC (fish&wildlife conservation) |
Everywhere |
