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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Major Components - 3 C's |
1. Cops 2. Courts 3. Corrections |
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Cops |
- investigate crimes, arrest suspects, testify to facts of case against the defendant |
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Courts |
- prosecutors charge defedants, prepare and present case facts to court, secure conviction - judges make sure procedural rules are followed, issue sentences - defense attorneys defend accused |
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Corrections |
- safely manage and/or rehabilitate convicted defendants, in prison or the community |
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First police agency formed when and where? |
- 1829: London Metro police formed |
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Modern Era policing began: |
- mid-20th century - ABF - Crime Commission - NIJ |
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Numbers of agencies |
- Cops: 18,000 - Courts: 17,000 - Corrections: 6,000 correctional institutions, 3,500 probation and parole department, 7 million under correctional supervision |
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Discretion |
- a public officials power to act in certain circumstances according to personal judgement |
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Of 500 crimes reported, how many are arrested? |
- 20 |
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Ethics in CJS |
- Cops: when is a stop, search, or arrest appropriate? What level of force is appropriate? Is misleading defendants, attorneys, or jurors ever appropriate? - Courts: when should a prosecutor push forward with charges or decline to do so? What plea deal is appropriate? Is obsurint evidence ever appropriate?
- Corrections: is executing an inmate ever appropriate? Is it appropriate to punish similar defendants with dissimilar punishment? Who should (not) get paroled/released? |
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How is crime defined? |
- Consenus View: Law expresses the norms of the vast majority of society; Law serves to keep us safe - Conflict View: Law is created and enforced by ruling class; Law is an instrument to control those who might rebel against unequal distribution of wealth - Interactionist View: Law reflects interests of those with social power to shape the legal process; Moral entrepreneurs wage campaigns to control behaviors they consider immoral |
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Uniform Crime Report (UCR) |
- From local precincts in most major US cities - By the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) |
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Part 1 Offenses |
Violent Crime: - Murder - Forcible Rape - Robbery - Aggravated Assault Property Crime: - Burglary - Larceny- theft - Motor vehicle theft - Arson |
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Part 2 Offenses |
- simple assault - fraud - weapons - vandalism - gambling |
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National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) |
- collects information on additional offense-types - includes more detailed information than UCR - designed to reduce reporting error |
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NCVS Accuracy |
- overreporting or misinterpreting events - underreporting - sampling error - question format |
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Biosocial Theory |
- biochemical, genetics |
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Psychological Theory |
- behavioral, personality |
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Social Structure Theory |
- strain |
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Social Process Theory |
- influence of family, peers |
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Social Conflict Theory |
- political forces |
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Developmental Theory |
- life course |
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Examples of Discretion |
Police: whether to draw his weapon, make an arrest, issue a ticket, perform a search, etc. Attorneys: charge crime as misdemeanor or felony Judges: amount of fine or to grant a continuance of trial Correction Officials: reporting and strictness of supervision |
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Actus Reus |
Guilty act |
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Mens Rea |
Guilty mind |
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4th Amendment |
Search and Seizure |
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5th Amendment |
No self-incrimination, right to due process |
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6th Amendment |
Informed of charges, confront witnesses against you |
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8th Amendment |
Punishments cannot be cruel or excessive |
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14th Amendment |
Right to due process applies to State governments too |
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Lex Talionis |
Eye for an eye |
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Entrapment |
When an officer convinces someone to do a crime |
