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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two crimes unique to the Roman time period?
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1) Being a Christian - which is punished by being thrown to the lions 2) Attacking the emperor |
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what are the three main types of crime in the Roman period? |
1) Crime against possessions. E.g theft 2) Crime against the person e.g violence 3) Crime against authority e.g plotting against the emperor |
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What are some of the crimes during Roman times? |
1) Burglary 2) selling underweight bread 3) petty theft |
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What trial was given to major crimes in the Roman period? |
cases were tried by magistrates with a jury. Both sides gave evidence and then the jury would decide if he/she was guilty. The magistrate then decides the sentence. |
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What was the trial for minor crime in Roman times? |
At the magistrates court and judge was chosen, both sides would give evidence and then judge reached his decision. |
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Trial for very serious crimes? |
Tried by the Roman governor of Britain |
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What where the 5 different types of policing in Roman times? |
1) Vigiles 2) Urban cohorts 3)praetorian guard 4) the Aediles 5) Roman legions |
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What was the job of Vigiles (Roman) |
Looked for fires, patrolled streets, captured runaway slaves. There were 7000 |
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What was the job of Urban cohorts? (Roman) |
To stop riots |
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What was the Job of Praetorian guard ? (Roman) |
Emperors guards , had to protect him |
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What was the job of Aediles ? (Roman) |
They are like our trading standard offices |
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What was the job of Roman legions ? (Roman) |
In charge of dealing with riots and disorder |
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What were punishments like in Roman times? |
Brutal and violent as they didn't believe you can fix a criminal they just wanted revenge |
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What were some of the punishments used by the Romans ? |
- death penalty - flogging and beating - cutting off limbs - sent to exile - forced to become a gladiator - crucifixion - thrown to the lions - public humiliation |
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What were the punishments for citizens? |
Death for serious crimes such as arson. Punishments for lesser crimes such as theft: whipping, repaying coat of goods. |
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What were the punishments for nobles? |
Sentenced to death for serious crimes but allowed to go into exile instead. |
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What were the punishments for slaves? |
All the slaves in a household were crucified if one of them murdered or tried to murder their master |
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New punishments to Anglo Saxon. |
Blood feud- allowed the victims of crime to publish criminals themselves. Wet guild - fines paid to the victims of crime as compensation. |
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Other punishments still used In Anglo Saxon times? |
Flogging Execution Cutting of limbs and tongue
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What was the benefit of the clergy? |
It was a way to escape the death penalty, introduced in Middle Ages. If someone could read the neck verse from the bible to claim safety from the church |
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Two types of policing introduced in Anglo Saxon- middles ages. |
Tithings - group of ten men over 12. If one broke the law the others had to bring him tot court of pay a fine. Hue and cry- if a victim of a crime called out for help the entire village had to join in the hunt to find the criminal. |
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What where the two types of trial used in Anglo Saxon time |
Trial by jury - people from village who knew both victim and accused Trial by ordeal - hot iron, hot and cold water, by fire. Used if they could not decide guilty or innocent. So a test for God to show truth |
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New crimes in Norman times |
The forest laws made it a crime to kill animals in the Kings forest or cut down trees without permission |
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Policing used in Norman times |
- Tithings - Hue and cry - Constables - richest man in village - Sherif |
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How did trails change in Norman times ? |
Adding trial by combat More county courts set up for serious crimes |
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How did the church have an impact on decisions made in Norman times? |
The church had a greater influence over crimes |
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In what ways did the church make changes in Norman times? |
- immoral actions became crimes - church courts, set up to deal with those not following church rites - benefit of the clergy - right of sanctuary |
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What is the right of sanctuary ( Norman) ? |
Nobody can be arrested if they where in a church. If they confessed their crime, they would be allowed to leave the country. |
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What type of punishments where used in Norman times? |
- use of death penalty rose dramatically as did mutilations and amputations - death penalty included more crimes such as theft - fines payable to the king - Murdrum fine - if a Norman was murdered all the people in the region had to pay a fine -whipping,stocks for minor crimes |
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How did attitudes to women change during the middles ages? |
-It was worse under the Normans. -Women were protected by Saxons but Normans took that away. -women couldn't defend themselves |
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New Crimes in the Tudor+ Stuart's period, also known as early modern period |
- begging which became a crime in the 16th century - new highway robbery due to improved roads because of trade growing - smuggling, tax increase and made new trade restrictions. |
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Which crimes increased during Early modern. |
-More street criminals "footpads" due to increase in population. More people moved to urban areas - increase in poaching, reduction of common land - more people committing Heresy, due to changes in people beliefs, and religion of the monarch |
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What punishments where used in early modern period? |
Physical punishments which the public could watch to shame criminals and deter others - houses of correction, first prisons where beggars where sent from 1576 - transportation from late 17th century. For petty or political criminals |
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Policing during the early modern period. |
-Watchman or 'Charlies' were paid to patrol London - constables were unpaid parish officials, arrested beggars and petty criminals - thief takers, paid by the victim of a crime to catch the criminal and bring them to justice. - mounted patrols, stop highway robbery - customs officers, stop smuggling |
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Trials used in early modern period |
- minor cases tried locally by justices of the peace - more serious crimes were heard by groups of JP's with local men serving a jury. - Most serious crimes heard by royal judges who were the only ones able to pass a death sentence |
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What is the The Golden metwand introduced in early modern |
That no-one is above the law = 1649 Charles 1st was executed for starting war against his own people |
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Who were the justices of peace brought in by ? |
Elizabeth the first |
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Why did begging increase in early modern ? |
Increased unemployment, no system to help beggars because they where viewed as a threat to society, hated + feared. People resented paying out to help them. |
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Laws passed against begging |
- 1494 , vagabonds and beggars act, beggars put in stocks for 3 days and nights then sent back to where born or most well known - 1547 vagrancy act, beggars forced to work and could be whipped + branded. Act was repealed as it was impossible to enforce |
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In 1531 beggars where classed in two ways : |
1) deserving - sick or injured, given a badge and allowed to beg 2) sturdy - considered lazy and would be punished |
