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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of electric switches |
relay vacuum tube transistor |
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first computer (name) |
E - electronic N - Numerical I - integrator A - and C - computer |
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Moores Law |
Computer complexity for cost has increased at a rate of a factor of two per year |
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Types of hardware |
*all phyiscal components -Central processing unit (CPU) -main memory (RAM) -secondary storage devices (flashdrive, hard disk) -input devices (keyboard, camera) -output devices(speakers, printer, screen) |
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computer science (def) |
-sci'fic study of computation and comp tech, hardware software and -study of theoretical foundations of info and computation and their implementation and application in comp systems |
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Disciplines of computers science |
-human computer interaction -graphics -databases -info security and privacy -theory of computation -networking -artificial intelligence -software engineer -game development |
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what is the field of human computer interaction |
concerned with making computers more user friendly -interface design -incl biology and behavioral science |
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what is the field of computer graphics |
image generation and computer vision -concerned with making things look real -aims to store image data compactly -want to make computer "see" |
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what is the field of databases |
how do we store large amounts of info -how do we find it quickly |
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what is the field of info security and privacy |
-ensures stored/transmitted info is confidential -ensures only authorized entities can access info -prevent accidental/malicious disclosure |
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what is the field of theory of computation |
complexity theory -how efficiently can the problem be solved (time,memory space) computability theory -can the problem be solved with a computer |
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what is the field of networks |
-how to transfer data: quickly -do we need to transfer data quickly? reliably wirelessly to where it needs to go -should network providers be allowed to view, manipulate, filter data |
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what is the field of distributed systems |
how to network computers to solve problems together -need to represent problem in a way that allows it to be solved in parallel -avoiding duplicate work |
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What is the field of artificial intelligence |
studies and develops intelligent machines questions what it means to be intelligent |
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what is the field of software engineering |
-how do we develop large software projects -model problem so many people can work on it at once -ensure that the software works as intended -find and fix bugs in a lg app -design decisions for ease of future expansion |
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what is the field of game development |
brings many areas together -networks, distributed systems, graphics, AI, software -pushes the limits of these areas focuses on fun of play |
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Blooms taxonomy |
benjamin bloom (educator:how ppl think) 6 levels of competence -knowledge -comprehension -application -analysis -synthesis -evaluation |
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Problem solving (methods) |
How to solve a problem -create a list/instructions/algorithm -top down design |
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Top down design |
-start with entire problem -break problem into 3-5 smaller steps -repeat the process for each step that is still relatively complex |
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What is an algorithm |
-written in human readable form -a finite sequence of effective steps to solve a problem -expressed in human-oriented form -result of a top-down design -a well written algorithm can be written in any language |
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5 steps for computer programming |
1. gain knowledge of program domain 2. analyze the problem, breaking into pieces 3. synthesize a solution 4. run the program 5. validate program results |
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levels of abstraction |
human languages high level programming languages low level programming languages machine language |
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What level of programming language is python |
High level, general purpose programming language -simple, easy to learn -easy to find and fix errors -available for many platforms -used in industry |
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what is a source file |
where computer programs are stored. source code is typed into a text file (usually saved as .py) and is readable by both humans and computers |
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Variable names must be: |
-meaningful -begin with a letter or underscore -may contain letters, numbers, underscores -must not be a reserved word -shouldn't be a name already commonly used -shouldnt be in all caps |
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float function |
treats input from user as a number
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What language does a CPU read? |
machine language (binary,...) |
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compilation process (transforming problem into computer language) |
1.problem (human) 2.algorithm 3.source code .py file 4.use compiler (a program run by the cpu) 5.creation of executable file (only works on one type of computer 6. CPU 7. results |
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What is a magic number |
an unnamed and poorly documented numeric constant without obvious meaning
-AVOID |
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precedence of mathmatical equations: |
bedmas |
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Types of errors |
syntax runtime logic |
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syntax error is: |
mistake such as: -a misspelled keyword -incorrect/missed punctuation -incorrect use of an operator |
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runtime error is: |
hard to find happens during the runtime of the program |
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logic error is: |
runs the program from start to finish, execution is complete but WRONG can be due to correctly spelled but missplaced words -fixing these errors is called debugging |
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data types |
variables hold values like: integer: "5" float: "5.0" boolean: "true" string: "hello there" to find the type of data used: print(type(x)) |
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formatting numbers |
%.2f %: the remainder operator f: format specifier .2: means round number to two decimal places looks like this: my_value = 7.23456 print ("The value is %.2f" % my_value) => The value is 7.23 |
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types of format specifiers |
f: format floating point numbers d: format an integer in decimal format x: format an integer in hexadecimal format |
