Cow I Unit 4

Front 1

Name the Organs of the GI tract

Back 1

Oral Cavity
Pharnyx
Esophagus
Stomach
Large Intestine
Small Intestine

Front 2

Name the Accessory Digestive Organs

Back 2

Parotid salivary gland
Teeth
Tongue
Sublingual salivary gland
Submandibular salivary gland
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreus

Front 3

List the general functions of the digestive system

Back 3

Ingestion = solid and liquid materials enter oral cavity

Digestion = break materials into smaller structures & molecules

Propulsion = materials swallowed & move through GI tract

Secretion = release of fluids to aid in digestion and protection of GI tract

Absorption = digestion products, water, vitamins, and electrolytes move from GI tract into blood or lymph

Elimination of wastes

Front 4

Describe how the abdominal cavity is divided into 4 quadrabts and name the 4 quadrants

Back 4

Transverse & Midsagittal Planes intersecting at the Umbilicus (Navel) form the following quadrants:
Left Upper
Right Upper
Left Lower
Right Lower

Front 5

What is the purpose of dividing the abdominal cavity into 4 quadrants

Back 5

When discussing digestive organs, often talk of location in terms of 4 quadrants of abdominal cavity

Front 6

Name the 4 layers/tunics of the GI Tract

Back 6

1. Mucosa (deepest – in contact with lumen)
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Adventitia or Serosa (Serosa = covered by visceral peritoneum; on intraperitoneal organs and
Adventitia = on retroperitoneal organs)

Front 7

Define Peritoneum

Back 7

The serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic wall and many organs

Front 8

Compare the Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum

Back 8

Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity)

Visceral peritoneum (lines organs)

Front 9

Describe the Peritoneal Cavity

Back 9

The space between Parietal peritoneum and Visceral peritoneum

Allows for movement and expansion of organs

Filled with serous fluid

Front 10

Compare the intraperitoneal organ to the retroperitoneal organ

Back 10

Intraperitoneal: An organ that pushes into the abdominal cavity, Suspended by peritoneal reflections, Permit movement, Permit blood vessels to pass, Completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

Retroperitoneal:Between parietal peritoneum and posterior wall, No visceral peritoneum

Front 11

Retroperitoneal Organs examples

Back 11

Ex: Most of Duodenum, Pancreas, Ascending and Descending Colon, Rectum

Front 12

Intraperitoneal Organs examples

Back 12

Stomach, Part of Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Appendix, Transverse Colon

Front 13

Will an intraperitoneal organ/ organ segments have a visceral layer of peritoneum?

Back 13

Yes

Front 14

Will an retroperitoneal organ/ organ segments have a visceral layer of peritoneum?

Back 14

No

Front 15

What is Mesentery

Back 15

Double-layer reflection of peritoneum formed as an organ pushed into abdominal cavity, wrapping itself in visceral peritoneum

Allows for:
Movement
Conduit for blood vessels and nerves from the posterior wall to the organ

Front 16

Mesentery Proper

Back 16

From abdominal wall to small intestine

Front 17

Transverse Mesocolon

Back 17

From abdominal wall to tranverse colon

Front 18

Sigmoid Mesocolon

Back 18

From abdominal wall to sigmoid colon

Front 19

Coronary Ligament

Back 19

From superior surface of liver to diaphragm

At margins of bare area

Front 20

Falciform Ligament

Back 20

From liver to anterior abdominal wall

Front 21

Greater Omentum

Back 21

Connection the Greater curvature of stomach & Transverse Colon

Hangs down like an apron anterior to much of the digestive tract

Front 22

Lesser Omentum

Back 22

Connection between the lesser curvature of the stomach/ duodenum and the liver

Front 23

What are the 3 segments of the pharynx

Back 23

NAsopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Front 24

Nasopharynx

Back 24

Posterior to nasal cavity

Conducts air

Front 25

Oropharynx

Back 25

Posterior to oral cavity

Conducts air

Passage for food and drink

Front 26

Laryngopharynx

Back 26

Conducts air

Passage for food and drink to esophagus

Front 27

Describe the function of the esophagus

Back 27

Transports swallowed materials from pharynx to stomach

Front 28

Describe the function of the Rugae in the stomach

Back 28

means gastric folds

Allow stomach to expand when full and return to normal shape when empty

Front 29

The semifluid product the exits the stomach

Back 29

Chyme

Front 30

What is the function of the pyloric Sphincter

Back 30

Thick ring of smooth muscle regulating entrance of chyme into duodenum

Front 31

What is unique about the muscularis of the stomach and how does this help with the function of the stomach

Back 31

3 layers of smooth muscle (Longitudinal, Circular, & Oblique)

Allows for churning/blending of contents

Front 32

Describe the anatomical relationship between the duodenum and pancreus

Back 32

Head of pancreus fits into C-Shaped Duodenum

Front 33

Describe the ileocecal valve

Back 33

where Ileum enters into large intestine (cecum)

Front 34

Name the first segment of the large intestine and the two structures that open into this segment

Back 34

Cecum (Located in right lower abdomen) and the ileocecal valve and appendix open into this segment

Front 35

Describe the three surface features that identify the large intestine

Back 35

Tenia coli – thin, distinct longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle fibers

Haustra – sacs formed as a result of tenia coli causing large intestine to bunch up

Omental appendices – lobules of fat hanging off of haustra

Front 36

Compare external and internal anal sphincters

Back 36

both: close off opening to anal canal and relax (open) during defecation

Internal anal sphincter – involuntary smooth muscle

External anal sphincter – voluntary skeletal muscle

Front 37

What are the general functions of the liver?

Back 37

Produces bile
Detoxifies drugs, metabolites and poisons from blood
Stores excess nutrients and vitamins
Synthesizes blood plasma proteins
Removes debris from blood and recycles worn out blood cells

Front 38

Describe the embryological significance of the lagamentum teres hepatis

Back 38

Remnant of fetal umbilical vein

Front 39

what is bile

Back 39

Emulsifies fats during chemical digestion

Front 40

what is the function of the gallbladder

Back 40

Stores & concentrates bile produced by the liver until needed for digestion

Front 41

describe the components and connections of the biliary tree

Back 41

Network of thin ducts that transport bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum

1.Left and right hepatic ducts drain bile from R&L lobes of liver and merge to form the Common hepatic duct.

2.The Cystic duct and the Common hepatic duct merge to form the Bile duct.

3.Pancreatic duct merges with Bile duct.

4. Bile and pancreatic juices enter the duodenum through the Major duodenal papilla.

Front 42

what are the general functions of the pancreus

Back 42

Secrets pancreatic juices into the duodenum that break down fats and proteins

Endocrine gland that makes glucagon and insulin

Front 43

describe the two ducts of the pancreus

Back 43

Main Pancreatic Duct:
Joins bile duct and drains digestive enzymes from pancreas into Duodenum

Accessory Pancreatic Duct:
If present, drains into duodenum superior/proximal to the Main Pancreatic Duct
Indicates that the pancreas was two “buds” during embryonic development

Front 44

Name the digestive organs formed by the forgut

Back 44

Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum

Front 45

Name the accessory organs formed by the forgut

Back 45

liver
gallbladder
biliary tree
pancreus

Front 46

Name the digestive organs formed by the midgut

Back 46

Distal duodenum
Jejunum
leum
cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Promimal 2/3 of transverse colon

Front 47

Name the digestive organs formed by the fhindgut

Back 47

Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Superior anal canal

Front 48

Name the branch of the abdominal aorta and the autonomic nerve plexus supplying the foregut organ

Back 48

Aorta Branch:Celiac Trunk/Artery

Nerve:
Sympathetic: Celiac Plexus = T5-T9

Parasympathetic:Celiac Plxurs= Vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 49

Name the branch of the abdominal aorta and the autonomic nerve plexus supplying the midgut organ

Back 49

Aorta Branch:Superior Mesenteric Artery(SMA)


Nerve:
Sympathetic: Superior Mesenteric Plexus = T8-T12

Parasympathetic:Superior Mesenteric Plexus = Vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 50

Name the branch of the abdominal aorta and the autonomic nerve plexus supplying the hindgut organ

Back 50

Aorta Branch: Inferior Mesenteric Artery
(IMA)

Nerve:
Sympathetic: Inferior Mesenteric Plexus = L1-L2

Parasympathetic:Inferior Mesenteric Plexus = Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2- S4)